महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-4, verse-40

यो वै गृहेभ्यः प्रवसन्प्रियाणां नानुसंस्मरेत् ।
दुःखेन सुखमन्विच्छेत्स राजवसतिं वसेत् ॥४०॥

40. yo vai gṛhebhyaḥ pravasanpriyāṇāṁ nānusaṁsmaret ,
duḥkhena sukhamanvicchetsa rājavasatiṁ vaset.

40. yaḥ vai gṛhebhyaḥ pravasan priyāṇām na anu-saṃsmaret
duḥkhena sukham anvicchet saḥ rājavsatim vaset

40. Whoever departs from their home and does not recall their loved ones, and seeks happiness through hardship, such a person should reside in the king's palace.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• गृहेभ्यः (gṛhebhyaḥ) - from homes, from houses

• प्रवसन् (pravasan) - departing, going forth, migrating

• प्रियाणाम् (priyāṇām) - of loved ones, of dear ones

• न (na) - not

• अनु-संस्मरेत् (anu-saṁsmaret) - should remember, should recall

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by suffering, with difficulty, through distress

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort

• अन्विच्छेत् (anvicchet) - should seek, should desire, should pursue

• सः (saḥ) - he, that person

• राजव्सतिम् (rājavsatim) - the king's residence, royal dwelling

• वसेत् (vaset) - should dwell, should reside

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, that

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

गृहेभ्यः (gṛhebhyaḥ) - from homes, from houses

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

प्रवसन् (pravasan) - departing, going forth, migrating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravasat

pravasat - departing, going forth, migrating, living abroad

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root vas (to dwell) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Participle functioning as an adjective for 'yaḥ'.

प्रियाणाम् (priyāṇām) - of loved ones, of dear ones

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of priya

priya - dear, beloved, favorite; a loved one, friend

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अनु-संस्मरेत् (anu-saṁsmaret) - should remember, should recall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of anu-sam-smṛ

Prefixes: anu+sam

Root: smṛ (class 1)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by suffering, with difficulty, through distress

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, difficulty

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

अन्विच्छेत् (anvicchet) - should seek, should desire, should pursue

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of anu-iṣ

Prefix: anu

Root: iṣ (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he, that person

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजव्सतिम् (rājavsatim) - the king's residence, royal dwelling

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rājavsati

rājavsati - king's residence, royal dwelling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vsati)

• rājan – king, monarch
  noun (masculine)
• vsati – dwelling, abode, residence
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vas (class 1)

वसेत् (vaset) - should dwell, should reside

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vas

Root: vas (class 1)