महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-4, verse-42

न कर्मणि नियुक्तः सन्धनं किंचिदुपस्पृशेत् ।
प्राप्नोति हि हरन्द्रव्यं बन्धनं यदि वा वधम् ॥४२॥

42. na karmaṇi niyuktaḥ sandhanaṁ kiṁcidupaspṛśet ,
prāpnoti hi harandravyaṁ bandhanaṁ yadi vā vadham.

42. na karmaṇi niyuktaḥ san dhanam kiñcit upaspṛśet
prāpnoti hi haran dravyam bandhanam yadi vā vadham

42. One who is engaged in a duty (karma) should not touch any wealth. Indeed, by stealing property, one incurs imprisonment or even death.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in work, in action, in duty (karma)

• नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed, engaged, employed

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property, money

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - any, something, a little

• उपस्पृशेत् (upaspṛśet) - should touch, should appropriate, should handle

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, receives, incurs

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

• हरन् (haran) - stealing, carrying away, taking

• द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - property, substance, wealth, goods

• बन्धनम् (bandhanam) - imprisonment, bondage, confinement

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वा (vā) - or, either

• वधम् (vadham) - killing, execution, death

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in work, in action, in duty (karma)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, duty (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed, engaged, employed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyukta

niyukta - appointed, engaged, employed, fixed, prescribed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj (to join) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (e.g., "a person").

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous; a good person

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used with `niyuktaḥ` to mean "being appointed."

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property, money

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, riches, money

Root: dhā (class 3)

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - any, something, a little

(indeclinable)

Compound of kim + cit

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+cit)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun
• cit – a particle indicating indefiniteness, 'some'
  indeclinable

Note: Acts adverbially or adjectivally.

उपस्पृशेत् (upaspṛśet) - should touch, should appropriate, should handle

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of upaspṛś

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, receives, incurs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pra-āp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

(indeclinable)

हरन् (haran) - stealing, carrying away, taking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harat

harat - taking, carrying, stealing, seizing

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root hṛ (to seize, take away)

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of 'prāpnoti'.

द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - property, substance, wealth, goods

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dravya

dravya - substance, object, property, wealth, money

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Object of `haran`.

बन्धनम् (bandhanam) - imprisonment, bondage, confinement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bandhana

bandhana - binding, tying, bondage, imprisonment

Derived from root bandh (to bind)

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Object of `prāpnoti`.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

वधम् (vadham) - killing, execution, death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, execution, death

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of `prāpnoti`.