महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-38, verse-54

यस्त्वयं सायको दीर्घः शिलीपृष्ठः शिलीमुखः ।
अर्जुनस्यैष संग्रामे गुरुभारसहो दृढः ॥५४॥

54. yastvayaṁ sāyako dīrghaḥ śilīpṛṣṭhaḥ śilīmukhaḥ ,
arjunasyaiṣa saṁgrāme gurubhārasaho dṛḍhaḥ.

54. yaḥ tu ayam sāyakaḥ dīrghaḥ śilīpṛṣṭhaḥ śilīmukhaḥ
arjunasya eṣa saṅgrāme gurubhārasahaḥ dṛḍhaḥ

54. But this long arrow, sharp-backed and sharp-pointed, is Arjuna's; it is firm and capable of enduring a great burden in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - this (arrow) which (who, which (masculine singular))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (arrow) (this (masculine singular))

• सायकः (sāyakaḥ) - arrow

• दीर्घः (dīrghaḥ) - long (long, tall)

• शिलीपृष्ठः (śilīpṛṣṭhaḥ) - sharp-backed (sharp-backed, having a sharp shaft/haft)

• शिलीमुखः (śilīmukhaḥ) - sharp-pointed (sharp-pointed, having a sharp mouth/face)

• अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

• एष (eṣa) - this (arrow) (this, this one (masculine singular))

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• गुरुभारसहः (gurubhārasahaḥ) - capable of enduring a great burden (or difficult task/impact) (capable of bearing a great burden/weight)

• दृढः (dṛḍhaḥ) - firm (firm, strong, steady)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - this (arrow) which (who, which (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which

Note: Nominative singular masculine of the relative pronoun 'ya'. Refers to 'sāyakaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive particle.

अयम् (ayam) - this (arrow) (this (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Nominative singular masculine of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam'. Refers to 'sāyakaḥ'.

सायकः (sāyakaḥ) - arrow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart, missile

From root 'si' (to bind, cast) with 'ā' prefix.

Prefix: ā

Root: si (class 4)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

दीर्घः (dīrghaḥ) - long (long, tall)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall, extensive

Note: Agrees with 'sāyakaḥ'.

शिलीपृष्ठः (śilīpṛṣṭhaḥ) - sharp-backed (sharp-backed, having a sharp shaft/haft)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śilīpṛṣṭha

śilīpṛṣṭha - having a sharp back/haft

Bahuvrihi compound, 'śilī' refers to the point of an arrow, 'pṛṣṭha' to the back.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śilī+pṛṣṭha)

• śilī – point of an arrow
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śī (class 2)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, top
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pṛṣ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'sāyakaḥ'.

शिलीमुखः (śilīmukhaḥ) - sharp-pointed (sharp-pointed, having a sharp mouth/face)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śilīmukha

śilīmukha - sharp-pointed (like an arrow), bee

Bahuvrihi compound. 'śilī' refers to the point of an arrow, 'mukha' to the face/mouth.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śilī+mukha)

• śilī – point of an arrow
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śī (class 2)
• mukha – mouth, face, front, point
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'sāyakaḥ'.

अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper noun, one of the Pāṇḍavas), white, silver

Root: ṛj (class 1)

Note: Indicates possession.

एष (eṣa) - this (arrow) (this, this one (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Nominative singular masculine of the demonstrative pronoun 'etad'. Refers to 'sāyakaḥ'.

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, combat

Derived from 'sam' + 'grāma' (village, multitude), coming together.

Prefix: sam

Root: grām (class 1)

Note: Locative of place or context.

गुरुभारसहः (gurubhārasahaḥ) - capable of enduring a great burden (or difficult task/impact) (capable of bearing a great burden/weight)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gurubhārasaha

gurubhārasaha - bearing a heavy burden/weight

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+bhāra+saha)

• guru – heavy, great, important
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• bhāra – burden, weight, load
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• saha – bearing, enduring, able to resist
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Derived from root 'sah' (to endure).
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sāyakaḥ'.

दृढः (dṛḍhaḥ) - firm (firm, strong, steady)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛḍha

dṛḍha - firm, strong, hard, steady

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'dṛh' (to be firm).

Root: dṛh (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'sāyakaḥ'.