महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-38, verse-21

वारणा यस्य सौवर्णाः पृष्ठे भासन्ति दंशिताः ।
सुपार्श्वं सुग्रहं चैव कस्यैतद्धनुरुत्तमम् ॥२१॥

21. vāraṇā yasya sauvarṇāḥ pṛṣṭhe bhāsanti daṁśitāḥ ,
supārśvaṁ sugrahaṁ caiva kasyaitaddhanuruttamam.

21. vāraṇāḥ yasya sauvarṇāḥ pṛṣṭhe bhāsanti daṃśitāḥ
supārśvam sugraham ca eva kasya etat dhanuḥ uttamam

21. Whose bow has golden protective coverings shining on its back, and is both well-formed and easy to grip? Whose is this excellent bow?

Words meanings summery:

• वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - protective coverings (on the bow) (guards, coverings, protections, casings)

• यस्य (yasya) - of which (bow) (whose, of which)

• सौवर्णाः (sauvarṇāḥ) - golden (coverings) (golden)

• पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - on the back (of the bow) (on the back, on the surface, behind)

• भासन्ति (bhāsanti) - shine, are resplendent

• दंशिताः (daṁśitāḥ) - protected, covered (like armor for the bow) (protected, armored, covered, furnished with teeth/spikes)

• सुपार्श्वम् (supārśvam) - well-formed, beautiful in its structure (well-sided, having good sides, beautiful-sided)

• सुग्रहम् (sugraham) - easy to grasp, easy to hold

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - used with 'ca' to mean 'both... and' (indeed, only, also)

• कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

• एतत् (etat) - this

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

Words meanings and morphology

वारणाः (vāraṇāḥ) - protective coverings (on the bow) (guards, coverings, protections, casings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - warding off, preventing, guarding, cover, protection, elephant

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, to ward off).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

यस्य (yasya) - of which (bow) (whose, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'dhanuḥ'.

सौवर्णाः (sauvarṇāḥ) - golden (coverings) (golden)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sauvarṇa

sauvarṇa - golden, made of gold, relating to gold

Formed from suvarṇa (gold) with suffix aṇ.

पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - on the back (of the bow) (on the back, on the surface, behind)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭha

pṛṣṭha - back, surface, top

भासन्ति (bhāsanti) - shine, are resplendent

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhās

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice

Root bhās (class 1).

Root: bhās (class 1)

दंशिताः (daṁśitāḥ) - protected, covered (like armor for the bow) (protected, armored, covered, furnished with teeth/spikes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of daṃśita

daṁśita - bitten, stung, armored, covered, protected, furnished with teeth

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root daṃś (to bite, sting, cover).

Root: daṃś (class 1)

सुपार्श्वम् (supārśvam) - well-formed, beautiful in its structure (well-sided, having good sides, beautiful-sided)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of supārśva

supārśva - well-sided, beautiful-sided, having good flanks

Compound of su (good) and pārśva (side).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+pārśva)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'good' or 'well'.
• pārśva – side, flank
  noun (neuter)

सुग्रहम् (sugraham) - easy to grasp, easy to hold

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sugraha

sugraha - easy to grasp, easy to seize, easily apprehended

Compound of su (good, easy) and graha (grasping, holding).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+graha)

• su – good, well, excellent, easily
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'good' or 'well'.
• graha – grasping, seizing, holding
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root grah (to seize, hold).
  Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - used with 'ca' to mean 'both... and' (indeed, only, also)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, rainbow

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - excellent, best, highest, supreme

Superlative degree of 'ud' (up).

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuḥ'.