महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-38, verse-20

उत्तर उवाच ।
बिन्दवो जातरूपस्य शतं यस्मिन्निपातिताः ।
सहस्रकोटि सौवर्णाः कस्यैतद्धनुरुत्तमम् ॥२०॥

20. uttara uvāca ,
bindavo jātarūpasya śataṁ yasminnipātitāḥ ,
sahasrakoṭi sauvarṇāḥ kasyaitaddhanuruttamam.

20. uttaraḥ uvāca bindavaḥ jātarūpasya śatam yasmin
nipātitāḥ sahasrakoṭi sauvarṇāḥ kasya etat dhanuḥ uttamam

20. Uttara said: "On which bow are a hundred drops of pure gold inlaid, and a thousand crores of golden ornaments? Whose is this excellent bow?"

Words meanings summery:

• उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Prince Uttara (Uttara (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• बिन्दवः (bindavaḥ) - inlaid drops or points (of gold) (drops, points, spots)

• जातरूपस्य (jātarūpasya) - of gold, of pure gold

• शतम् (śatam) - a hundred

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - on which (bow) (in which, on which)

• निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - placed, cast, inlaid, studded

• सहस्रकोटि (sahasrakoṭi) - a thousand crores (ten billion)

• सौवर्णाः (sauvarṇāḥ) - golden ornaments or embellishments (golden (ornaments/decorations))

• कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

• एतत् (etat) - this

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

Words meanings and morphology

उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Prince Uttara (Uttara (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttara

uttara - Uttara (name), north, superior, later

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect past tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Irregular perfect form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

बिन्दवः (bindavaḥ) - inlaid drops or points (of gold) (drops, points, spots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bindu

bindu - drop, point, spot, dot

जातरूपस्य (jātarūpasya) - of gold, of pure gold

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of jātarūpa

jātarūpa - gold, pure gold, beautiful form

Compound: jāta (born) + rūpa (form/nature), implying naturally beautiful or gold.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jāta+rūpa)

• jāta – born, produced, arisen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• rūpa – form, shape, beauty, nature
  noun (neuter)

शतम् (śatam) - a hundred

(noun)

neuter, singular of śata

śata - hundred

Cardinal number.

Note: Used here adjectivally with 'bindavaḥ'.

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - on which (bow) (in which, on which)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'dhanuḥ'.

निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - placed, cast, inlaid, studded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nipātita

nipātita - thrown down, cast upon, inlaid, studded, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) with upasarga ni, causative stem, then participle.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

सहस्रकोटि (sahasrakoṭi) - a thousand crores (ten billion)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sahasrakoṭi

sahasrakoṭi - a thousand crores (10^10), ten billion

Compound of sahasra (thousand) and koṭi (crore/ten million).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sahasra+koṭi)

• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
• koṭi – crore (ten million), edge, summit
  noun (feminine)

Note: Functions as a large numerical quantifier for 'sauvarṇāḥ'.

सौवर्णाः (sauvarṇāḥ) - golden ornaments or embellishments (golden (ornaments/decorations))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sauvarṇa

sauvarṇa - golden, made of gold, relating to gold

Formed from suvarṇa (gold) with suffix aṇ.

कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, rainbow

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - excellent, best, highest, supreme

Superlative degree of 'ud' (up).

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuḥ'.