महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-38, verse-29

कस्येमे शुकपत्राभैः पूर्वैरर्धैः सुवाससः ।
उत्तरैरायसैः पीतैर्हेमपुङ्खैः शिलाशितैः ॥२९॥

29. kasyeme śukapatrābhaiḥ pūrvairardhaiḥ suvāsasaḥ ,
uttarairāyasaiḥ pītairhemapuṅkhaiḥ śilāśitaiḥ.

29. kasya ime śukapattrābhaiḥ pūrvaiḥ ardhaiḥ suvāsasaḥ
uttaraiḥ āyasaiḥ pītaiḥ hemapuṅkhaiḥ śilāśitaiḥ

29. Whose are these arrows, whose front parts are well-fletched like parrot feathers, and whose rear parts are yellow, made of iron, with golden nocks, and sharpened on stone?

Words meanings summery:

• कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

• इमे (ime) - these

• शुकपत्त्राभैः (śukapattrābhaiḥ) - like parrot feathers, having the appearance of parrot feathers

• पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by the former, by the front (parts)

• अर्धैः (ardhaiḥ) - by the foreparts (of the arrows) (by the halves, by the parts)

• सुवाससः (suvāsasaḥ) - well-fletched (referring to the fletching of the arrows) (well-clothed, well-winged, well-feathered)

• उत्तरैः (uttaraiḥ) - by the rear parts (of the arrows) (by the latter, by the rear (parts))

• आयसैः (āyasaiḥ) - by the iron (parts), made of iron

• पीतैः (pītaiḥ) - by the yellow, yellow-colored

• हेमपुङ्खैः (hemapuṅkhaiḥ) - with golden nocks/shaft-ends

• शिलाशितैः (śilāśitaiḥ) - sharpened on stone

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

इमे (ime) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

शुकपत्त्राभैः (śukapattrābhaiḥ) - like parrot feathers, having the appearance of parrot feathers

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śukapattrābha

śukapattrābha - having the lustre or appearance of parrot feathers

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śuka+patra+ābha)

• śuka – parrot
  noun (masculine)
• patra – feather, leaf, wing
  noun (neuter)
• ābha – like, resembling, shining
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'ardhaiḥ'.

पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by the former, by the front (parts)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, eastern, front

Note: Qualifies 'ardhaiḥ'.

अर्धैः (ardhaiḥ) - by the foreparts (of the arrows) (by the halves, by the parts)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ardha

ardha - half, part, portion

Note: Refers to the 'foreparts' and 'rear parts' of the arrows in conjunction with `pūrvaiḥ` and `uttaraiḥ`.

सुवाससः (suvāsasaḥ) - well-fletched (referring to the fletching of the arrows) (well-clothed, well-winged, well-feathered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suvāsas

suvāsas - well-clothed, beautifully winged/feathered

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+vāsas)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• vāsas – clothing, garment, covering; feathering (of an arrow)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective describing the arrows.

उत्तरैः (uttaraiḥ) - by the rear parts (of the arrows) (by the latter, by the rear (parts))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of uttara

uttara - latter, upper, northern, rear, subsequent

Note: Qualifies 'ardhaiḥ' (implied, or in parallel to pūrvaiḥ ardhaiḥ).

आयसैः (āyasaiḥ) - by the iron (parts), made of iron

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āyasa

āyasa - made of iron, metallic

Derived from ayas (iron)

पीतैः (pītaiḥ) - by the yellow, yellow-colored

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pīta

pīta - yellow, golden, pale

Note: Also a Past Passive Participle of root `pā` (to drink), but 'yellow' from `pīta` is more appropriate here.

हेमपुङ्खैः (hemapuṅkhaiḥ) - with golden nocks/shaft-ends

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hemapuṅkha

hemapuṅkha - having golden nocks/shaft-ends/feathers

Compound type : bahuvrihi (heman+puṅkha)

• heman – gold
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – nock, feather-end of an arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `uttaraiḥ` (implied `ardhaiḥ`).

शिलाशितैः (śilāśitaiḥ) - sharpened on stone

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śilāśita

śilāśita - sharpened on a stone

Past Passive Participle

Compound with śita (sharpened), which is P.P.P. of śo.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śilā+śita)

• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• śita – sharpened, keen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śo (to sharpen)
  Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `uttaraiḥ` (implied `ardhaiḥ`).