महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-38, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तां शमीमुपसंगम्य पार्थो वैराटिमब्रवीत् ।
सुकुमारं समाज्ञातं संग्रामे नातिकोविदम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tāṁ śamīmupasaṁgamya pārtho vairāṭimabravīt ,
sukumāraṁ samājñātaṁ saṁgrāme nātikovidam.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca tām śamīm upasangamya pārthaḥ vairāṭim
abravīt sukumāram samājñātam saṃgrāme na atikovidam

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having approached that śami tree, Pārtha (Arjuna) said to the son of Virāṭa (Uttara), who was considered very delicate and not very skilled in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ताम् (tām) - referring to the śami tree (that, her)

• शमीम् (śamīm) - śami tree

• उपसन्गम्य (upasangamya) - having approached, having come near

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī, i.e., Arjuna)

• वैराटिम् (vairāṭim) - referring to Uttara, son of King Virāṭa (to the son of Virāṭa)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• सुकुमारम् (sukumāram) - very delicate, tender

• समाज्ञातम् (samājñātam) - known, recognized, considered

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

• न (na) - not, no

• अतिकोविदम् (atikovidam) - not very skilled, inexperienced

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a celebrated sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ताम् (tām) - referring to the śami tree (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

शमीम् (śamīm) - śami tree

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śamī

śamī - a species of tree (Acacia Suma or Mimosa Suma)

उपसन्गम्य (upasangamya) - having approached, having come near

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Derived from the root √gam (to go) with prefixes upa- and sam-

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: gam (class 1)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī, i.e., Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Arjuna, Karṇa, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena)

Patronymic from Pṛthā

वैराटिम् (vairāṭim) - referring to Uttara, son of King Virāṭa (to the son of Virāṭa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vairāṭi

vairāṭi - son of Virāṭa (Uttara)

Patronymic from Virāṭa

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

सुकुमारम् (sukumāram) - very delicate, tender

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sukumāra

sukumāra - very delicate, very tender, handsome

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kumāra)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• kumāra – boy, youth, prince, delicate
  noun (masculine)

समाज्ञातम् (samājñātam) - known, recognized, considered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samājñāta

samājñāta - known, understood, commanded, recognized

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √jñā (to know) with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अतिकोविदम् (atikovidam) - not very skilled, inexperienced

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atikovida

atikovida - very skilled, expert

Compound type : pravādi-tatpuruṣa (ati+kovida)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, very
  indeclinable
• kovida – skilled, proficient, expert
  adjective (masculine)