महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-38, verse-32

कस्यायं विमलः खड्गो गव्ये कोशे समर्पितः ।
हेमत्सरुरनाधृष्यो नैषध्यो भारसाधनः ॥३२॥

32. kasyāyaṁ vimalaḥ khaḍgo gavye kośe samarpitaḥ ,
hematsaruranādhṛṣyo naiṣadhyo bhārasādhanaḥ.

32. kasya ayam vimalaḥ khaḍgaḥ gavye kośe samarpitaḥ
hematsaruḥ anādhṛṣyaḥ naiṣadhyaḥ bhārasādhanaḥ

32. Whose is this spotless sword, which is kept in a cowhide sheath? It has a golden hilt, is irresistible, belongs to the king of Niṣadha, and accomplishes great tasks.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्य (kasya) - whose (whose, of whom)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (this, he)

• विमलः (vimalaḥ) - spotless, pure (spotless, pure, clean)

• खड्गः (khaḍgaḥ) - sword (sword, scimitar)

• गव्ये (gavye) - made of cowhide (referring to the sheath) (relating to cows, made of cowhide)

• कोशे (kośe) - in a sheath (for a sword) (in a sheath, in a treasury)

• समर्पितः (samarpitaḥ) - placed, deposited (entrusted, placed, offered, dedicated)

• हेमत्सरुः (hematsaruḥ) - having a golden hilt

• अनाधृष्यः (anādhṛṣyaḥ) - irresistible, unassailable (irresistible, unassailable, unconquerable)

• नैषध्यः (naiṣadhyaḥ) - belonging to the king of Niṣadha (belonging to Niṣadha, a native or king of Niṣadha)

• भारसाधनः (bhārasādhanaḥ) - accomplishing great tasks (accomplishing heavy tasks, capable of great deeds)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - whose (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अयम् (ayam) - this (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that (pronoun)

विमलः (vimalaḥ) - spotless, pure (spotless, pure, clean)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimala

vimala - spotless, pure, clean, clear

`vi` (without) + `mala` (impurity, dirt)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mala)

• vi – apart, without, intensely
  indeclinable
• mala – dirt, impurity, stain
  noun (masculine/neuter)

खड्गः (khaḍgaḥ) - sword (sword, scimitar)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khaḍga

khaḍga - sword, scimitar, broadsword

गव्ये (gavye) - made of cowhide (referring to the sheath) (relating to cows, made of cowhide)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gavya

gavya - fit for cows, relating to cows, made of cowhide/cow's products

From `go` (cow) + `ya` suffix.

कोशे (kośe) - in a sheath (for a sword) (in a sheath, in a treasury)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - sheath, scabbard, treasury, budget, cocoon

समर्पितः (samarpitaḥ) - placed, deposited (entrusted, placed, offered, dedicated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samarpita

samarpita - entrusted, placed, offered, dedicated

Past Passive Participle

From root `ṛp` (to go, move) or `arp` (to throw, offer) with prefix `sam-`.

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛp/arp

हेमत्सरुः (hematsaruḥ) - having a golden hilt

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hematsaru

hematsaru - having a golden hilt

`hema` (gold) + `tsaru` (hilt)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hema+tsaru)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• tsaru – hilt, handle (of a sword)
  noun (masculine)

अनाधृष्यः (anādhṛṣyaḥ) - irresistible, unassailable (irresistible, unassailable, unconquerable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anādhṛṣya

anādhṛṣya - irresistible, unassailable, unconquerable, inviolable

Gerundive

`an` (negation) + `ādhṛṣya` (to be assailed). From root `dhṛṣ` (to dare, attack) with prefix `ā-`.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+ādhṛṣya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• ādhṛṣya – to be assailed, assailable
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Gerundive
  root `dhṛṣ` (to dare, attack) with prefix `ā-` and suffix `ya`
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

नैषध्यः (naiṣadhyaḥ) - belonging to the king of Niṣadha (belonging to Niṣadha, a native or king of Niṣadha)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naiṣadhya

naiṣadhya - belonging to Niṣadha, a native or king of Niṣadha

From `Niṣadha` (name of a country/mountain) + `ya` suffix.

भारसाधनः (bhārasādhanaḥ) - accomplishing great tasks (accomplishing heavy tasks, capable of great deeds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhārasādhana

bhārasādhana - accomplishing heavy tasks, carrying burdens, performing great deeds

`bhāra` (burden, task) + `sādhana` (accomplishing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhāra+sādhana)

• bhāra – burden, weight, task, charge
  noun (masculine)
• sādhana – accomplishing, fulfilling, effecting, means, instrument
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  from root `sādh` (to accomplish) + `ana` suffix
  Root: sādh (class 10)