महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-38, verse-14

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवमुक्तः स पार्थेन रथात्प्रस्कन्द्य कुण्डली ।
आरुरोह शमीवृक्षं वैराटिरवशस्तदा ॥१४॥

14. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evamuktaḥ sa pārthena rathātpraskandya kuṇḍalī ,
āruroha śamīvṛkṣaṁ vairāṭiravaśastadā.

14. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca evam uktaḥ saḥ pārthena rathāt
praskandya kuṇḍalī ārūroha śamīvṛkṣam vairāṭiḥ avaśaḥ tadā

14. Vaiśampāyana said: 'Thus addressed by Pārtha (Arjuna), Uttara (vairāṭi), adorned with earrings (kuṇḍalī), then helplessly (avaśaḥ) jumped down from the chariot and climbed the śamī tree.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to (by Arjuna) (spoken, addressed, said)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Uttara) (he, that)

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (by Pārtha)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having jumped down, having leapt off

• कुण्डली (kuṇḍalī) - wearing earrings, adorned with earrings

• आरूरोह (ārūroha) - he climbed, he ascended

• शमीवृक्षम् (śamīvṛkṣam) - the śamī tree

• वैराटिः (vairāṭiḥ) - Prince Uttara (the son of Virāṭa)

• अवशः (avaśaḥ) - reluctantly, against his will (helpless, unwilling, without control)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, active voice, perfect tense (lit).

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to (by Arjuna) (spoken, addressed, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, uttered, addressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'saḥ' (Uttara).

सः (saḥ) - he (Uttara) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (by Pārtha)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kunti) + aṇ suffix (descendant).

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having jumped down, having leapt off

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Derived from √skand (to jump) with upasarga pra- and suffix -ya (lyap).

Prefix: pra

Root: skand (class 1)

कुण्डली (kuṇḍalī) - wearing earrings, adorned with earrings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuṇḍalin

kuṇḍalin - wearing earrings, having coils, serpentine

Derived from kuṇḍala (earring) with suffix -in.

Note: Refers to 'saḥ' (Uttara).

आरूरोह (ārūroha) - he climbed, he ascended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of ruh

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, active voice, perfect tense (lit), with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

शमीवृक्षम् (śamīvṛkṣam) - the śamī tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śamīvṛkṣa

śamīvṛkṣa - Shami tree (Acacia suma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śamī+vṛkṣa)

• śamī – Shami tree (Acacia suma)
  noun (feminine)
• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of 'ārūroha'.

वैराटिः (vairāṭiḥ) - Prince Uttara (the son of Virāṭa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vairāṭi

vairāṭi - descendant of Virāṭa, son of Virāṭa

Derived from Virāṭa with suffix -i (patronymic).

अवशः (avaśaḥ) - reluctantly, against his will (helpless, unwilling, without control)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - helpless, powerless, unwilling, dependent

Derived from a- (negative) + vaśa (will, control).

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+vaśa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vaśa – will, control, power
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to 'saḥ' (Uttara).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) + dā (adverbial suffix).