महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-38, verse-33

कस्य पाञ्चनखे कोशे सायको हेमविग्रहः ।
प्रमाणरूपसंपन्नः पीत आकाशसंनिभः ॥३३॥

33. kasya pāñcanakhe kośe sāyako hemavigrahaḥ ,
pramāṇarūpasaṁpannaḥ pīta ākāśasaṁnibhaḥ.

33. kasya pāñcanakhe kośe sāyakaḥ hemavigrahaḥ
pramāṇarūpasaṃpannaḥ pītaḥ ākāśasaṃnibhaḥ

33. Whose is this arrow (sāyaka), with a golden body, kept in a sheath made from the hide of a five-clawed animal? It is endowed with perfect measure and form, is yellow-golden, and shines like the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्य (kasya) - whose (whose, of whom)

• पाञ्चनखे (pāñcanakhe) - in a sheath made of a five-clawed animal's hide (in a five-clawed (animal's hide))

• कोशे (kośe) - in a sheath (for an arrow) (in a sheath, in a treasury)

• सायकः (sāyakaḥ) - arrow (arrow, missile)

• हेमविग्रहः (hemavigrahaḥ) - having a golden body (referring to the arrow's shaft/form) (having a golden body/form)

• प्रमाणरूपसंपन्नः (pramāṇarūpasaṁpannaḥ) - endowed with perfect measure and form

• पीतः (pītaḥ) - yellow-golden (referring to color) (yellow, golden, drunk)

• आकाशसंनिभः (ākāśasaṁnibhaḥ) - shining like the sky, resembling the sky (in its brilliance or vastness) (resembling the sky)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - whose (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

पाञ्चनखे (pāñcanakhe) - in a sheath made of a five-clawed animal's hide (in a five-clawed (animal's hide))

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāñcanakha

pāñcanakha - five-clawed, referring to certain animals (e.g., lion, tiger, tortoise, iguana, porcupine)

`pañcan` (five) + `nakha` (nail, claw)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+nakha)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• nakha – nail, claw, talon
  noun (masculine)

कोशे (kośe) - in a sheath (for an arrow) (in a sheath, in a treasury)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - sheath, scabbard, treasury, budget, cocoon

सायकः (sāyakaḥ) - arrow (arrow, missile)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, missile, dart

From root `si` (to bind, send forth) + `ṇaka` suffix.

Root: si (class 4)

हेमविग्रहः (hemavigrahaḥ) - having a golden body (referring to the arrow's shaft/form) (having a golden body/form)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hemavigraha

hemavigraha - having a golden body/form

`hema` (gold) + `vigraha` (body, form, image)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hema+vigraha)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• vigraha – body, form, shape, image, separation, conflict
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi

प्रमाणरूपसंपन्नः (pramāṇarūpasaṁpannaḥ) - endowed with perfect measure and form

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramāṇarūpasaṃpanna

pramāṇarūpasaṁpanna - endowed with excellent measure and form

`pramāṇa` (measure, standard) + `rūpa` (form, appearance) + `saṃpanna` (endowed with)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pramāṇa+rūpa+saṃpanna)

• pramāṇa – measure, standard, proof, authority
  noun (neuter)
  From `pra` + root `mā`
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mā (class 3)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)
• saṃpanna – accomplished, complete, endowed with, rich in
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `sam` + root `pad`
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

पीतः (pītaḥ) - yellow-golden (referring to color) (yellow, golden, drunk)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīta

pīta - yellow, golden (from root `pī` meaning to be yellow); or drunk (from root `pā` meaning to drink)

From root `pī` (to be yellow, shine) or `pā` (to drink). Here, meaning "yellow/golden".

Root: pī/pā (class 1)

आकाशसंनिभः (ākāśasaṁnibhaḥ) - shining like the sky, resembling the sky (in its brilliance or vastness) (resembling the sky)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākāśasaṃnibha

ākāśasaṁnibha - resembling the sky, like the sky

`ākāśa` (sky, space) + `saṃnibha` (resembling, similar)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ākāśa+saṃnibha)

• ākāśa – sky, space, ether
  noun (masculine)
• saṃnibha – resembling, like, similar to
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From `sam` + `ni` + root `bhā` (to shine)
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: bhā (class 2)