महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-38, verse-48

एते ज्वलन्तः संग्रामे तेजसा शीघ्रगामिनः ।
भवन्ति वीरस्याक्षय्या व्यूहतः समरे रिपून् ॥४८॥

48. ete jvalantaḥ saṁgrāme tejasā śīghragāminaḥ ,
bhavanti vīrasyākṣayyā vyūhataḥ samare ripūn.

48. ete jvalantaḥ saṃgrāme tejasā śīghragāminaḥ
bhavanti vīrasya akṣayyāḥ vyūhataḥ samare ripūn

48. These (arrows), blazing in battle with their brilliance and moving swiftly, become inexhaustible for the hero, routing enemies in combat.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these

• ज्वलन्तः (jvalantaḥ) - blazing, burning, shining

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in combat

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance, with splendor, by energy

• शीघ्रगामिनः (śīghragāminaḥ) - moving swiftly, swift-going

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become

• वीरस्य (vīrasya) - of the hero, for the hero

• अक्षय्याः (akṣayyāḥ) - inexhaustible, imperishable, unfailing

• व्यूहतः (vyūhataḥ) - routing (enemies) or shattering their formations (routing, dispersing, breaking formations)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• रिपून् (ripūn) - enemies

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, referring to the arrows from the previous verse

ज्वलन्तः (jvalantaḥ) - blazing, burning, shining

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jvalat

jvalat - blazing, shining

Present Active Participle

From root jval (to blaze) with -at suffix

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the subject (arrows)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

Note: Location where the blazing occurs

तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance, with splendor, by energy

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, splendor, energy, vitality

Note: Instrument by which they blaze

शीघ्रगामिनः (śīghragāminaḥ) - moving swiftly, swift-going

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śīghragāmin

śīghragāmin - moving swiftly, swift-going

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīghra+gāmin)

• śīghra – swift, quick, rapid
  adjective (neuter)
• gāmin – going, moving, leading to
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root gam (to go) with -in suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the subject (arrows)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence

वीरस्य (vīrasya) - of the hero, for the hero

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Relates to whom the arrows are inexhaustible

अक्षय्याः (akṣayyāḥ) - inexhaustible, imperishable, unfailing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akṣayya

akṣayya - inexhaustible, imperishable, unfailing

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root kṣi (to decay, destroy) with 'a' (negation) and -yya suffix

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+kṣayya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kṣayya – perishable, exhaustible
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root kṣi (to decay, destroy) with -yya suffix
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'ete' (arrows)

व्यूहतः (vyūhataḥ) - routing (enemies) or shattering their formations (routing, dispersing, breaking formations)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyūhat

vyūhat - routing, dispersing, breaking formations

Present Active Participle

From root ūh (to push, move) with prefix vi. 'vyūhataḥ' here is used as a nominative plural masculine participle, or an adjective with active verbal force, though standard form is 'vyūhantaḥ'. Common in epic usage.

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the arrows, implying their action of breaking formations. The form `vyūhataḥ` for nom. pl. masc. is found in epic Sanskrit.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Location of the action of routing enemies

रिपून् (ripūn) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe

Note: Object of the action implied by 'vyūhataḥ'