महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-62, verse-6

अथार्धरात्रसमये निःशब्दस्तिमिते तदा ।
सुप्ते सार्थे परिश्रान्ते हस्तियूथमुपागमत् ।
पानीयार्थं गिरिनदीं मदप्रस्रवणाविलाम् ॥६॥

6. athārdharātrasamaye niḥśabdastimite tadā ,
supte sārthe pariśrānte hastiyūthamupāgamat ,
pānīyārthaṁ girinadīṁ madaprasravaṇāvilām.

6. atha ardharātrasamaye niḥśabdaḥ
stimite tadā | supte sārthe pariśrānte
hastiyūtham upāgamat |
pānīyārtham girinadīm madaprasravaṇāvilām

6. Then, at midnight, when everything was silent and still, and the exhausted caravan was asleep, a herd of elephants approached the mountain river for water, making it muddy and agitated with the flow of their rut.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• अर्धरात्रसमये (ardharātrasamaye) - at midnight

• निःशब्दः (niḥśabdaḥ) - silent, noiseless

• स्तिमिते (stimite) - in the still, in the motionless

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सुप्ते (supte) - asleep, sleeping

• सार्थे (sārthe) - in the caravan, for the caravan

• परिश्रान्ते (pariśrānte) - exhausted, very weary

• हस्तियूथम् (hastiyūtham) - herd of elephants

• उपागमत् (upāgamat) - it approached, it came near

• पानीयार्थम् (pānīyārtham) - for the sake of water, for drinking water

• गिरिनदीम् (girinadīm) - mountain river

• मदप्रस्रवणाविलाम् (madaprasravaṇāvilām) - turbid with the flow of rut, muddied by rut

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

अर्धरात्रसमये (ardharātrasamaye) - at midnight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ardharātrasamaya

ardharātrasamaya - time of midnight, midnight

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardharātra+samaya)

• ardharātra – midnight, half night
  noun (neuter)
• samaya – time, occasion, agreement
  noun (masculine)

निःशब्दः (niḥśabdaḥ) - silent, noiseless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥśabda

niḥśabda - silent, without sound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+śabda)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• śabda – sound, word
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the general atmosphere.

स्तिमिते (stimite) - in the still, in the motionless

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of stimita

stimita - motionless, still, tranquil, wet

Past Passive Participle

Root: stim (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

सुप्ते (supte) - asleep, sleeping

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping, dormant

Past Passive Participle

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `sārthe`.

सार्थे (sārthe) - in the caravan, for the caravan

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sārtha

sārtha - caravan, company, troop

परिश्रान्ते (pariśrānte) - exhausted, very weary

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pariśrānta

pariśrānta - very weary, exhausted

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `sārthe`.

हस्तियूथम् (hastiyūtham) - herd of elephants

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hastiyūtha

hastiyūtha - herd of elephants

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hasti+yūtha)

• hastin – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• yūtha – herd, flock, multitude
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'upāgamat'.

उपागमत् (upāgamat) - it approached, it came near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of upāgam

Derived from upa + ā + gam.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

पानीयार्थम् (pānīyārtham) - for the sake of water, for drinking water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pānīyārtha

pānīyārtha - for water, for the purpose of drinking water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pānīya+artha)

• pānīya – drinkable, water
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Root: pā (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to express purpose.

गिरिनदीम् (girinadīm) - mountain river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of girinadī

girinadī - mountain river

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (giri+nadī)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of 'upāgamat'.

मदप्रस्रवणाविलाम् (madaprasravaṇāvilām) - turbid with the flow of rut, muddied by rut

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of madaprasravaṇāvila

madaprasravaṇāvila - turbid/agitated by the discharge of rut

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mada+prasravaṇa+āvila)

• mada – rut, intoxication, passion, pride
  noun (masculine)
• prasravaṇa – flowing, oozing, discharge, stream
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sru (class 1)
• āvila – turbid, muddy, agitated, impure
  adjective

Note: Agrees with `girinadīm`.