महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-62, verse-21

सा तैः परिवृतागच्छत्समीपं राजवेश्मनः ।
तां प्रासादगतापश्यद्राजमाता जनैर्वृताम् ॥२१॥

21. sā taiḥ parivṛtāgacchatsamīpaṁ rājaveśmanaḥ ,
tāṁ prāsādagatāpaśyadrājamātā janairvṛtām.

21. sā taiḥ parivṛtā āgacchat samīpam rājavéśmanaḥ
tām prāsādagatā apaśyat rājamātā janaiḥ vṛtām

21. She arrived near the royal palace, surrounded by those children. The Queen Mother, who was in the palace, saw her surrounded by people.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - referring to Damayantī (she, that (feminine))

• तैः (taiḥ) - by the village children who followed (by them, by those)

• परिवृता (parivṛtā) - surrounded, encompassed

• आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - she came, arrived

• समीपम् (samīpam) - near, proximity

• राजव्éश्मनः (rājavéśmanaḥ) - of the royal palace

• ताम् (tām) - referring to Damayantī (her, that (feminine))

• प्रासादगता (prāsādagatā) - referring to the Queen Mother, who was in the palace (gone to the palace, situated in the palace)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - she saw

• राजमाता (rājamātā) - queen mother

• जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people

• वृताम् (vṛtām) - surrounded, encircled

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - referring to Damayantī (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

तैः (taiḥ) - by the village children who followed (by them, by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'bālāḥ grāmiputrāḥ' from the previous verse.

परिवृता (parivṛtā) - surrounded, encompassed

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover, encompass) with prefix 'pari' and 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - she came, arrived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āgam

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

समीपम् (samīpam) - near, proximity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samīpa

samīpa - near, proximity, vicinity

Note: Used adverbially.

राजव्éश्मनः (rājavéśmanaḥ) - of the royal palace

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of rājavéśman

rājavéśman - royal palace, king's residence

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+veśman)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• veśman – house, dwelling, palace
  noun (neuter)

ताम् (tām) - referring to Damayantī (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

प्रासादगता (prāsādagatā) - referring to the Queen Mother, who was in the palace (gone to the palace, situated in the palace)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāsādagata

prāsādagata - gone to a palace, being in a palace

Past Passive Participle in a compound

Compound with 'gata' (past passive participle of 'gam' - to go).

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāsāda+gata)

• prāsāda – palace, mansion, lofty building
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, arrived, being in
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with 'kta' suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājamātā'.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - she saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root 'dṛś', which uses 'paśya' stem in present/imperfect forms.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राजमाता (rājamātā) - queen mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rājamātṛ

rājamātṛ - queen mother, king's mother

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+mātṛ)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of 'apaśyat'.

जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, creature

Note: Agent of 'vṛtām'.

वृताम् (vṛtām) - surrounded, encircled

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover, surround) with 'kta' suffix.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'tām'.