महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-62, verse-31

तमेकवसनं नग्नमुन्मत्तं गतचेतसम् ।
अनुव्रजन्ती बहुला न स्वपामि निशाः सदा ॥३१॥

31. tamekavasanaṁ nagnamunmattaṁ gatacetasam ,
anuvrajantī bahulā na svapāmi niśāḥ sadā.

31. tam ekavasanam nagnam unmattam gatacetasam
anuvrajantī bahulāḥ na svapāmi niśāḥ sadā

31. Following him—who was then only in a single garment, and now naked, frenzied, and unconscious—I never slept, night after night.

31. הוא היה ערום, בעל בגד אחד, מטורף וחסר חשיבה, והלכתי אחריו, ולא ישנתי לילות רבים.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• एकवसनम् (ekavasanam) - dressed in a single garment, having one garment

• नग्नम् (nagnam) - naked, unclothed

• उन्मत्तम् (unmattam) - mad, frenzied, insane

• गतचेतसम् (gatacetasam) - unconscious, out of his mind, bewildered

• अनुव्रजन्ती (anuvrajantī) - following, going after

• बहुलाः (bahulāḥ) - many, numerous

• न (na) - not, no

• स्वपामि (svapāmi) - I sleep

• निशाः (niśāḥ) - nights

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, continuously

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एकवसनम् (ekavasanam) - dressed in a single garment, having one garment

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekavasana

ekavasana - having a single garment, dressed in one cloth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+vasana)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral (masculine)
• vasana – garment, clothing
  noun (neuter)
  From √vas (to wear, to clothe)
  Root: vas (class 2)

नग्नम् (nagnam) - naked, unclothed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nagna

nagna - naked, unclothed

उन्मत्तम् (unmattam) - mad, frenzied, insane

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of unmatta

unmatta - mad, insane, intoxicated, frenzied

Past Passive Participle

From ud-√mad (to be mad, intoxicated)

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

गतचेतसम् (gatacetasam) - unconscious, out of his mind, bewildered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gatacetas

gatacetas - whose mind has departed, unconscious, bewildered

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+cetas)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit

अनुव्रजन्ती (anuvrajantī) - following, going after

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anuvrajat

anuvrajat - following, going after

Present Active Participle

Feminine nominative singular of present active participle from anu-√vraj (to walk after)

Prefix: anu

Root: vraj (class 1)

बहुलाः (bahulāḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahula

bahula - much, many, abundant, extensive

Note: Agreeing with 'niśāḥ' (nights).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्वपामि (svapāmi) - I sleep

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of svap

Root: svap (class 2)

निशाः (niśāḥ) - nights

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of niśā

niśā - night

Note: Accusative plural indicates duration of time.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, continuously

(indeclinable)

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