महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-62, verse-31

तमेकवसनं नग्नमुन्मत्तं गतचेतसम् ।
अनुव्रजन्ती बहुला न स्वपामि निशाः सदा ॥३१॥

31. tamekavasanaṁ nagnamunmattaṁ gatacetasam ,
anuvrajantī bahulā na svapāmi niśāḥ sadā.

31. tam ekavasanam nagnam unmattam gatacetasam
anuvrajantī bahulāḥ na svapāmi niśāḥ sadā

31. Following him—who was then only in a single garment, and now naked, frenzied, and unconscious—I never slept, night after night.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• एकवसनम् (ekavasanam) - dressed in a single garment, having one garment

• नग्नम् (nagnam) - naked, unclothed

• उन्मत्तम् (unmattam) - mad, frenzied, insane

• गतचेतसम् (gatacetasam) - unconscious, out of his mind, bewildered

• अनुव्रजन्ती (anuvrajantī) - following, going after

• बहुलाः (bahulāḥ) - many, numerous

• न (na) - not, no

• स्वपामि (svapāmi) - I sleep

• निशाः (niśāḥ) - nights

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, continuously

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एकवसनम् (ekavasanam) - dressed in a single garment, having one garment

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekavasana

ekavasana - having a single garment, dressed in one cloth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+vasana)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral (masculine)
• vasana – garment, clothing
  noun (neuter)
  From √vas (to wear, to clothe)
  Root: vas (class 2)

नग्नम् (nagnam) - naked, unclothed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nagna

nagna - naked, unclothed

उन्मत्तम् (unmattam) - mad, frenzied, insane

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of unmatta

unmatta - mad, insane, intoxicated, frenzied

Past Passive Participle

From ud-√mad (to be mad, intoxicated)

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

गतचेतसम् (gatacetasam) - unconscious, out of his mind, bewildered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gatacetas

gatacetas - whose mind has departed, unconscious, bewildered

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+cetas)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit

अनुव्रजन्ती (anuvrajantī) - following, going after

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anuvrajat

anuvrajat - following, going after

Present Active Participle

Feminine nominative singular of present active participle from anu-√vraj (to walk after)

Prefix: anu

Root: vraj (class 1)

बहुलाः (bahulāḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahula

bahula - much, many, abundant, extensive

Note: Agreeing with 'niśāḥ' (nights).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्वपामि (svapāmi) - I sleep

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of svap

Root: svap (class 2)

निशाः (niśāḥ) - nights

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of niśā

niśā - night

Note: Accusative plural indicates duration of time.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, continuously

(indeclinable)