महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-62, verse-11

अथापरेद्युः संप्राप्ते हतशिष्टा जनास्तदा ।
वनगुल्माद्विनिष्क्रम्य शोचन्तो वैशसं कृतम् ।
भ्रातरं पितरं पुत्रं सखायं च जनाधिप ॥११॥

11. athāparedyuḥ saṁprāpte hataśiṣṭā janāstadā ,
vanagulmādviniṣkramya śocanto vaiśasaṁ kṛtam ,
bhrātaraṁ pitaraṁ putraṁ sakhāyaṁ ca janādhipa.

11. atha aparedyuḥ saṃprāpte hata-śiṣṭāḥ
janāḥ tadā vana-gulmāt viniṣkramya
śocantaḥ vaiśasam kṛtam bhrātaram
pitaram putram sakhāyam ca janādhipa

11. Then, when the next day arrived, the people who survived the slaughter emerged from the forest thickets. O ruler of men, they were lamenting the disaster that had occurred, searching for their brother, father, son, and friend.

11. הו מלך, למחרת, כשהגיע הבוקר, יצאו מהסבך האנשים ששרדו, והם התאבלו על הטבח שאירע, על אחיהם, אבותיהם, בניהם וידידיהם.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, moreover)

• अपरेद्युः (aparedyuḥ) - on the next day, on the following day

• संप्राप्ते (saṁprāpte) - when (the next day) had arrived (when it had arrived, on its arrival)

• हत-शिष्टाः (hata-śiṣṭāḥ) - those remaining after being killed, survivors of the slaughter

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• वन-गुल्मात् (vana-gulmāt) - from the forest thicket

• विनिष्क्रम्य (viniṣkramya) - having emerged, having come out

• शोचन्तः (śocantaḥ) - lamenting, grieving, mourning

• वैशसम् (vaiśasam) - slaughter, massacre, disaster

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - that had happened (the disaster) (done, performed, happened)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• पितरम् (pitaram) - father

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• सखायम् (sakhāyam) - friend, companion

• च (ca) - and, also

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O ruler of men, O king

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपरेद्युः (aparedyuḥ) - on the next day, on the following day

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'apara' (other, next) and 'dyuḥ' (day).

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

संप्राप्ते (saṁprāpte) - when (the next day) had arrived (when it had arrived, on its arrival)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃprāpta

saṁprāpta - arrived, obtained, reached, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with prefixes 'sam-' and 'pra-'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

हत-शिष्टाः (hata-śiṣṭāḥ) - those remaining after being killed, survivors of the slaughter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata-śiṣṭa

hata-śiṣṭa - remaining after being killed, survivors of a massacre

Compound of 'hata' (killed) and 'śiṣṭa' (remaining).

Compound type : tatpurusha (hata+śiṣṭa)

• hata – killed, struck, harmed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'han'.
  Root: han (class 2)
• śiṣṭa – remaining, left over, residue
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'śiṣ' (to leave).
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - people, person, individual

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: In apposition to 'hata-śiṣṭāḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem 'tad'.

वन-गुल्मात् (vana-gulmāt) - from the forest thicket

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vana-gulma

vana-gulma - forest thicket, a bush or shrub in the forest

Compound of 'vana' (forest) and 'gulma' (bush, thicket).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+gulma)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• gulma – bush, shrub, thicket, clump
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes the place from which they emerged.

विनिष्क्रम्य (viniṣkramya) - having emerged, having come out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'kram' (to step, go) with prefixes 'vi-' and 'niṣ-'.

Prefixes: vi+niṣ

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Connects to 'śocantaḥ'.

शोचन्तः (śocantaḥ) - lamenting, grieving, mourning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śocat

śocat - lamenting, grieving, burning (with sorrow)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'śuc' (to grieve, lament). Formed with śatṛ affix.

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'janāḥ'.

वैशसम् (vaiśasam) - slaughter, massacre, disaster

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaiśasa

vaiśasa - slaughter, massacre, cruelty, disaster, misfortune

Derived from 'viśasa' (cutting up, slaughter).

Note: Object of 'śocantaḥ'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - that had happened (the disaster) (done, performed, happened)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created, finished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'vaiśasam'.

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātar

bhrātar - brother

R-stem noun.

Note: Object of 'śocantaḥ' (implied 'for').

पितरम् (pitaram) - father

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitar

pitar - father

R-stem noun.

Note: Object of 'śocantaḥ' (implied 'for').

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of 'śocantaḥ' (implied 'for').

सखायम् (sakhāyam) - friend, companion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sakhāy

sakhāy - friend, companion, associate

Derived from root 'sac' (to accompany).

Root: sac (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śocantaḥ' (implied 'for').

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O ruler of men, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, ruler, king, chief

Compound of 'jana' (men, people) and 'adhipa' (lord, ruler).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Direct address to a king or lord.

Previous Verse Next Verse