महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-49, verse-5

अथ भीमो महाबाहुर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ।
निदेशात्ते महाराज गतोऽसौ पुरुषर्षभः ।
अर्जुनः पाण्डुपुत्राणां यस्मिन्प्राणाः प्रतिष्ठिताः ॥५॥

5. atha bhīmo mahābāhuryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata ,
nideśātte mahārāja gato'sau puruṣarṣabhaḥ ,
arjunaḥ pāṇḍuputrāṇāṁ yasminprāṇāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ.

5. atha bhīmaḥ mahābāhuḥ yudhiṣṭhiram
abhāṣata | nideśāt te mahārāja gataḥ
asau puruṣarṣabhaḥ | arjunaḥ
pāṇḍuputrāṇām yasmin prāṇāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ

5. Then the mighty-armed Bhīma addressed Yudhiṣṭhira: "O great king, at your command, that best among men, Arjuna—in whom the very life-breaths (prāṇas) of the sons of Pāṇḍu are established—has departed."

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - One of the Pāṇḍava brothers. (Bhīma (name))

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Adjective for Bhīma. (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother. (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - addressed, spoke

• निदेशात् (nideśāt) - from the command, by order

• ते (te) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (your, by you)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Vocative for Yudhiṣṭhira. (O great king)

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed

• असौ (asau) - Refers to Arjuna. (that (person), he)

• पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna. (the best among men, excellent man)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Proper name of the Pāṇḍava hero. (Arjuna)

• पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् (pāṇḍuputrāṇām) - Of the Pāṇḍavas. (of the sons of Pāṇḍu)

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - Refers to Arjuna. (in whom, in which)

• प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - The vital energies or life-force (prāṇa). (life-breaths, vital airs, lives)

• प्रतिष्ठिताः (pratiṣṭhitāḥ) - established, fixed, based

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - One of the Pāṇḍava brothers. (Bhīma (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable, name of a Pāṇḍava

From √bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of abhāṣata.

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Adjective for Bhīma. (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - having great arms, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with bhīmaḥ.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother. (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound of yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of abhāṣata.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - addressed, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Active

From √bhāṣ (to speak), imperfect 3rd person singular, ātmanepada, with prefix a- (augment for imperfect).

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: The initial 'a' is the augment for the imperfect tense.

निदेशात् (nideśāt) - from the command, by order

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of nideśa

nideśa - order, command, instruction

From √diś (to point, to show) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: diś (class 6)

ते (te) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (your, by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Can also be dative. Here 'your command'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Vocative for Yudhiṣṭhira. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karma (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go), kta suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with puruṣarṣabhaḥ.

असौ (asau) - Refers to Arjuna. (that (person), he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (demonstrative pronoun), this

Note: Agrees with puruṣarṣabhaḥ.

पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna. (the best among men, excellent man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, preeminent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣabh (class 1)

Note: Main subject of the second sentence.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Proper name of the Pāṇḍava hero. (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, bright, name of a Pāṇḍava

Note: Appositive to puruṣarṣabhaḥ.

पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् (pāṇḍuputrāṇām) - Of the Pāṇḍavas. (of the sons of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Specifies whose prāṇas are being referred to.

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - Refers to Arjuna. (in whom, in which)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - The vital energies or life-force (prāṇa). (life-breaths, vital airs, lives)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life-force, life

From √an (to breathe) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Subject of pratiṣṭhitāḥ.

प्रतिष्ठिताः (pratiṣṭhitāḥ) - established, fixed, based

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, fixed, founded, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

From √sthā (to stand) with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with prāṇāḥ.