महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-49, verse-34

अस्ति राजा मया कश्चिदल्पभाग्यतरो भुवि ।
भवता दृष्टपूर्वो वा श्रुतपूर्वोऽपि वा भवेत् ।
न मत्तो दुःखिततरः पुमानस्तीति मे मतिः ॥३४॥

34. asti rājā mayā kaścidalpabhāgyataro bhuvi ,
bhavatā dṛṣṭapūrvo vā śrutapūrvo'pi vā bhavet ,
na matto duḥkhitataraḥ pumānastīti me matiḥ.

34. asti rājā mayā kaścit alpa-bhāgyataraḥ
bhuvi bhavatā dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ vā
śrutapūrvaḥ api vā bhavet na mattaḥ
duḥkhitataraḥ pumān asti iti me matiḥ

34. Is there any king on earth more unfortunate than me? Has such a one been seen or even heard of by you? It is my opinion that no man is more miserable than me.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• मया (mayā) - by me

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, some, a certain one

• अल्प-भाग्यतरः (alpa-bhāgyataraḥ) - more unfortunate, having less fortune

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (honorific)

• दृष्टपूर्वः (dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ) - seen before, previously seen

• वा (vā) - or, either

• श्रुतपूर्वः (śrutapūrvaḥ) - heard before, previously heard

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• वा (vā) - or, either

• भवेत् (bhavet) - might be, should be

• न (na) - not, no

• मत्तः (mattaḥ) - from me, than me

• दुःखिततरः (duḥkhitataraḥ) - more miserable, more distressed

• पुमान् (pumān) - man, person

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• इति (iti) - thus, so, a particle used to indicate quoted speech or thought

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion, thought, understanding

Words meanings and morphology

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Present Tense

3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, some, a certain one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, any, a certain

Formed from interrogative 'kim' + particle 'cid'

Note: Indefinite pronoun, nominative singular masculine.

अल्प-भाग्यतरः (alpa-bhāgyataraḥ) - more unfortunate, having less fortune

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpa-bhāgyatara

alpa-bhāgyatara - more unfortunate, having less good fortune (comparative degree of alpa-bhāgya)

Comparative suffix '-tara' applied to 'alpa-bhāgya'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (alpa+bhāgya+tara)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective (masculine)
• bhāgya – fortune, destiny, luck
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• tara – more, greater (comparative suffix)
  indeclinable
  Suffix indicating comparative degree.

Note: Adjective in comparative degree, qualifying 'rājā'.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (honorific address)

Present participle of 'bhū' acting as an honorific pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used respectfully to address a person.

दृष्टपूर्वः (dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ) - seen before, previously seen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭapūrva

dṛṣṭapūrva - seen before, previously observed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dṛṣṭa+pūrva)

• dṛṣṭa – seen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-ta'
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• pūrva – former, prior, previous, before
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'rājā'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

श्रुतपूर्वः (śrutapūrvaḥ) - heard before, previously heard

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutapūrva

śrutapūrva - heard before, previously known by hearing

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śruta+pūrva)

• śruta – heard
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix '-ta'
  Root: śru (class 5)
• pūrva – former, prior, previous, before
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'rājā'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

भवेत् (bhavet) - might be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses possibility or potential.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

मत्तः (mattaḥ) - from me, than me

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Used for comparison, meaning 'than me'.

दुःखिततरः (duḥkhitataraḥ) - more miserable, more distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhitatara

duḥkhitatara - more distressed, more unhappy (comparative degree of duḥkhita)

Comparative suffix '-tara' applied to 'duḥkhita'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkhita+tara)

• duḥkhita – distressed, unhappy, miserable
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'duḥkha' (suffering) and suffix '-ita', meaning 'affected by suffering'.
• tara – more, greater (comparative suffix)
  indeclinable
  Suffix indicating comparative degree.

Note: Adjective in comparative degree, qualifying 'pumān'.

पुमान् (pumān) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pums

pums - man, male, human being, person

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Present Tense

3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, a particle used to indicate quoted speech or thought

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a thought or statement.

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Here, genitive 'my'.

मतिः (matiḥ) - opinion, thought, understanding

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - thought, opinion, intention, mind, understanding

From root 'man' (to think) with suffix '-ti'.

Root: man (class 4)