महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-49, verse-23

यदि वेदाः प्रमाणं ते दिवसादूर्ध्वमच्युत ।
त्रयोदश समाः कालो ज्ञायतां परिनिष्ठितः ॥२३॥

23. yadi vedāḥ pramāṇaṁ te divasādūrdhvamacyuta ,
trayodaśa samāḥ kālo jñāyatāṁ pariniṣṭhitaḥ.

23. yadi vedāḥ pramāṇam te divasāt ūrdhvam acyuta
trayodaśa samāḥ kālaḥ jñāyatām pariniṣṭhitaḥ

23. O imperishable one (Acyuta), if the Vedas are your authority, then let the period of thirteen years, counting from beyond a [single] day, be considered firmly established.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case that)

• वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas (as an authority) (the Vedas, sacred knowledge)

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - an authority, valid proof (authority, proof, standard)

• ते (te) - for you (to you, of you, by you)

• दिवसात् (divasāt) - beyond a [single] day (from a day, after a day)

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - beyond (upwards, above, after, beyond)

• अच्युत (acyuta) - O imperishable one (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (infallible, imperishable, firm (an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa))

• त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen

• समाः (samāḥ) - years

• कालः (kālaḥ) - the period (of time) (time, period, opportune moment)

• ज्ञायताम् (jñāyatām) - let it be understood (let it be known, let it be understood)

• परिनिष्ठितः (pariniṣṭhitaḥ) - firmly established (firmly established, perfectly fixed, accomplished)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case that)

(indeclinable)

वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas (as an authority) (the Vedas, sacred knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge

Root: vid (class 2)

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - an authority, valid proof (authority, proof, standard)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - authority, proof, standard

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 2)

ते (te) - for you (to you, of you, by you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Also genitive singular, but dative fits better with 'pramāṇaṃ'.

दिवसात् (divasāt) - beyond a [single] day (from a day, after a day)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

Root: div (class 4)

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - beyond (upwards, above, after, beyond)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially meaning 'after, beyond'.

अच्युत (acyuta) - O imperishable one (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (infallible, imperishable, firm (an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of acyuta

acyuta - infallible, imperishable, firm

Past Passive Participle (a- + cyu + kta)

Negation 'a' + root 'cyu' (to move) + kta (ppp)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cyuta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• cyuta – fallen, moved, deviated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root cyu (to move, fall)
  Root: cyu (class 1)

त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen

(numeral)

Note: Indeclinable numeral for 13, but here functions as an adjective for 'samāḥ'.

समाः (samāḥ) - years

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

Note: Used as an adjective for 'kālaḥ' in this context (thirteen years of time).

कालः (kālaḥ) - the period (of time) (time, period, opportune moment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, opportune moment, death

ज्ञायताम् (jñāyatām) - let it be understood (let it be known, let it be understood)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of jñā

Passive imperative

Root: jñā (class 9)

परिनिष्ठितः (pariniṣṭhitaḥ) - firmly established (firmly established, perfectly fixed, accomplished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariniṣṭhita

pariniṣṭhita - firmly established, perfectly fixed, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with prefixes pari and ni

Prefixes: pari+ni

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agreement with kālaḥ.