महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-49, verse-2

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अस्त्रहेतोर्गते पार्थे शक्रलोकं महात्मनि ।
न्यवसन्कृष्णया सार्धं काम्यके पुरुषर्षभाः ॥२॥

2. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
astrahetorgate pārthe śakralokaṁ mahātmani ,
nyavasankṛṣṇayā sārdhaṁ kāmyake puruṣarṣabhāḥ.

2. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca | astrahetauḥ gate pārthe śakralokaṃ
mahātmani | nyavasan kṛṣṇayā sārdhaṃ kāmyake puruṣarṣabhāḥ

2. Vaiśampāyana said: While the great-souled Pārtha (Arjuna) had gone to Indra's realm (Śakraloka) to obtain divine weapons, the best among men (the other Pāṇḍavas) resided in Kāmyaka forest along with Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अस्त्रहेतौः (astrahetauḥ) - for the sake of weapons, for the purpose of weapons

• गते (gate) - having gone, gone

• पार्थे (pārthe) - When Arjuna, the son of Pṛthā. (to Pārtha, in Pārtha, when Pārtha)

• शक्रलोकं (śakralokaṁ) - to Indra's realm

• महात्मनि (mahātmani) - Adjective for Pārtha. (in the great-souled, to the great-souled)

• न्यवसन् (nyavasan) - resided, dwelt

• कृष्णया (kṛṣṇayā) - with Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī)

• सार्धं (sārdhaṁ) - with, together with

• काम्यके (kāmyake) - in Kāmyaka (forest)

• पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Nakula, and Sahadeva. (the best among men, excellent men)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata

Patronymic from viśampāyana.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From √vac (to speak), perfect 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

अस्त्रहेतौः (astrahetauḥ) - for the sake of weapons, for the purpose of weapons

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of astrahetu

astrahetu - reason for weapons, purpose of weapons

Compound type : tatpurusha (astra+hetu)

• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
• hetu – cause, reason, purpose
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Can be genitive as well, but ablative is more common for 'for the sake of' when the underlying meaning implies 'from the cause of'.

गते (gate) - having gone, gone

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go), kta suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

पार्थे (pārthe) - When Arjuna, the son of Pṛthā. (to Pārtha, in Pārtha, when Pārtha)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

शक्रलोकं (śakralokaṁ) - to Indra's realm

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakraloka

śakraloka - Indra's world, heaven

Compound type : tatpurusha (śakra+loka)

• śakra – Indra
  proper noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 10)

महात्मनि (mahātmani) - Adjective for Pārtha. (in the great-souled, to the great-souled)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with pārthe.

न्यवसन् (nyavasan) - resided, dwelt

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vas

Imperfect Active

From √vas (to dwell), imperfect 3rd person plural, parasmaipada, with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

कृष्णया (kṛṣṇayā) - with Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadī, the dark one

सार्धं (sārdhaṁ) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

काम्यके (kāmyake) - in Kāmyaka (forest)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāmyaka

kāmyaka - name of a forest

पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Nakula, and Sahadeva. (the best among men, excellent men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, preeminent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣabh (class 1)