महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-49, verse-39

निषधेषु महीपालो वीरसेन इति स्म ह ।
तस्य पुत्रोऽभवन्नाम्ना नलो धर्मार्थदर्शिवान् ॥३९॥

39. niṣadheṣu mahīpālo vīrasena iti sma ha ,
tasya putro'bhavannāmnā nalo dharmārthadarśivān.

39. niṣadheṣu mahīpālaḥ vīrasena iti sma ha tasya
putraḥ abhavat nāmnā nalaḥ dharma-artha-darśivān

39. In Niṣadha, there was a king named Vīrasena. His son, by name Nala, was one who perceived righteousness (dharma) and purpose (artha).

Words meanings summery:

• निषधेषु (niṣadheṣu) - in Niṣadha (region)

• महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, protector of the earth

• वीरसेन (vīrasena) - Vīrasena (proper name)

• इति (iti) - used to introduce a name or quotation. "named Vīrasena" (thus, so, named)

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

• ह (ha) - (particle indicating emphasis or past narrative)

• तस्य (tasya) - his, its

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, became

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala (proper name)

• धर्म-अर्थ-दर्शिवान् (dharma-artha-darśivān) - one who perceives righteousness (dharma) and purpose (artha)

Words meanings and morphology

निषधेषु (niṣadheṣu) - in Niṣadha (region)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of niṣadha

niṣadha - name of a country or mountain

Note: Locative plural, referring to the people or the region of Niṣadha.

महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, protector of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, protector of the earth

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pāl (class 10)

वीरसेन (vīrasena) - Vīrasena (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīrasena

vīrasena - name of a king

इति (iti) - used to introduce a name or quotation. "named Vīrasena" (thus, so, named)

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

ह (ha) - (particle indicating emphasis or past narrative)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect tense

root √bhū, imperfect 3rd singular active

Root: bhū (class 1)

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - name of a king

धर्म-अर्थ-दर्शिवान् (dharma-artha-darśivān) - one who perceives righteousness (dharma) and purpose (artha)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmārthadarśivat

dharmārthadarśivat - one who understands dharma and artha, discerning in righteousness and purpose

possessive suffix -vat with compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi with dvandva components (dharma+artha+darśin)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, duty
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, goal
  noun (masculine)
• darśin – seeing, perceiving, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from √dṛś
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: nominative singular of a possessive adjective derived with -vat suffix from the compound dharma-artha-darśin