महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-49, verse-36

अत्र ते कथयिष्यामि यदि शुश्रूषसेऽनघ ।
यस्त्वत्तो दुःखिततरो राजासीत्पृथिवीपते ॥३६॥

36. atra te kathayiṣyāmi yadi śuśrūṣase'nagha ,
yastvatto duḥkhitataro rājāsītpṛthivīpate.

36. atra te kathayiṣyāmi yadi śuśrūṣase anagha yaḥ
tvattaḥ duḥkhitataraḥ rājā āsīt pṛthivīpate

36. O sinless one (anagha), if you wish to hear (śuśrūṣase), I will tell you now about a king, O lord of the earth (pṛthivīpate), who was even more miserable than you.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, now

• ते (te) - to you, for you (dative), your (genitive)

• कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will narrate

• यदि (yadi) - if

• शुश्रूषसे (śuśrūṣase) - you wish to hear, you desire to listen

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one, O faultless one

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you, than you

• दुःखिततरः (duḥkhitataraḥ) - more miserable, more distressed

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• पृथिवीपते (pṛthivīpate) - O lord of the earth, O king

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, now

(indeclinable)

Locative of the pronominal stem 'a'.

ते (te) - to you, for you (dative), your (genitive)

(pronoun)

singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Note: Here, dative, 'to you'.

कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will narrate

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future indicative (lṛṭ) of kath

Future Tense (causative stem)

1st person singular, parasmaipada. From causative stem 'kathay-'.

Root: kath (class 10)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

शुश्रूषसे (śuśrūṣase) - you wish to hear, you desire to listen

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of śuśrūṣ

Present Tense, Desiderative

2nd person singular, ātmanepada. Desiderative of root 'śru' (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one, O faultless one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure

Compound of 'an-' (negation) and 'agha' (sin, fault).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+agha)

• an – not, un-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• agha – sin, fault, evil, distress
  noun (neuter)

Note: Addressed to Yudhishthira.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the king who was more miserable.

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you, than you

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

From 'tvam' with ablative suffix '-tas'.

Note: Used for comparison, 'than you'.

दुःखिततरः (duḥkhitataraḥ) - more miserable, more distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhitatara

duḥkhitatara - more distressed, more unhappy (comparative degree of duḥkhita)

Comparative suffix '-tara' applied to 'duḥkhita'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkhita+tara)

• duḥkhita – distressed, unhappy, miserable
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'duḥkha' (suffering) and suffix '-ita', meaning 'affected by suffering'.
• tara – more, greater (comparative suffix)
  indeclinable
  Suffix indicating comparative degree.

Note: Adjective in comparative degree, qualifying 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Tense

3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Augment 'a-' and secondary ending.

Root: as (class 2)

पृथिवीपते (pṛthivīpate) - O lord of the earth, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpati

pṛthivīpati - lord of the earth, king, monarch

Compound of 'pṛthivī' (earth) and 'pati' (master, lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pati)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Yudhishthira.