महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-49, verse-21

तथा भारत धर्मेषु धर्मज्ञैरिह दृश्यते ।
अहोरात्रं महाराज तुल्यं संवत्सरेण हि ॥२१॥

21. tathā bhārata dharmeṣu dharmajñairiha dṛśyate ,
ahorātraṁ mahārāja tulyaṁ saṁvatsareṇa hi.

21. tathā bhārata dharmeṣu dharmajñaiḥ iha dṛśyate
ahorātram mahārāja tulyam saṃvatsareṇa hi

21. Thus, O descendant of Bharata, it is seen here by those who know righteousness (dharma), in matters of natural law (dharma), O great king, that a day and night is indeed equivalent to a year.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata

• धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - among the laws (dharma), in matters of righteousness (dharma)

• धर्मज्ञैः (dharmajñaiḥ) - by those who know natural law (dharma), by the wise in righteousness (dharma)

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - it is seen, it appears, it is observed

• अहोरात्रम् (ahorātram) - a day and night, 24 hours

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king, O emperor

• तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal, similar, equivalent

• संवत्सरेण (saṁvatsareṇa) - with a year, by a year

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, Indian

धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - among the laws (dharma), in matters of righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धर्मज्ञैः (dharmajñaiḥ) - by those who know natural law (dharma), by the wise in righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, righteous, wise in law/duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'jñā' (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - it is seen, it appears, it is observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense, third person singular, passive voice.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अहोरात्रम् (ahorātram) - a day and night, 24 hours

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahorātra

ahorātra - day and night, a full day (24 hours)

Compound type : dvandva (ahan+rātri)

• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)
• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king, O emperor

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor, sovereign

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal, similar, equivalent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, equivalent, comparable

Note: Agrees with 'ahorātram'.

संवत्सरेण (saṁvatsareṇa) - with a year, by a year

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year, a complete cycle of seasons

Note: Used with 'tulyam' to indicate comparison.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

(indeclinable)