महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-49, verse-13

क्षात्रं धर्मं महाराज समवेक्षितुमर्हसि ।
न हि धर्मो महाराज क्षत्रियस्य वनाश्रयः ।
राज्यमेव परं धर्मं क्षत्रियस्य विदुर्बुधाः ॥१३॥

13. kṣātraṁ dharmaṁ mahārāja samavekṣitumarhasi ,
na hi dharmo mahārāja kṣatriyasya vanāśrayaḥ ,
rājyameva paraṁ dharmaṁ kṣatriyasya vidurbudhāḥ.

13. kṣātram dharmam mahārāja samavekṣitum
arhasi na hi dharmaḥ mahārāja
kṣatriyasya vanāśrayaḥ rājyam eva param
dharmam kṣatriyasya viduḥ budhāḥ

13. O great king, you ought to consider the kingly duty (dharma) of a kṣatriya. For, O great king, resorting to the forest is certainly not the duty (dharma) of a kṣatriya. The wise indeed know that kingship is the supreme duty (dharma) for a kṣatriya.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षात्रम् (kṣātram) - kingly, pertaining to kṣatriyas, martial

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty (dharma) (duty (dharma), righteousness, law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• समवेक्षितुम् (samavekṣitum) - to consider, to observe carefully

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty (dharma) (duty (dharma), righteousness, law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya, pertaining to a kṣatriya

• वनाश्रयः (vanāśrayaḥ) - resorting to the forest, dwelling in the forest

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingship, kingdom, sovereignty, rule

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, precisely

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, most excellent, ultimate

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty (dharma) (duty (dharma), righteousness, law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

• क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya, pertaining to a kṣatriya

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise, scholars, intelligent ones

Words meanings and morphology

क्षात्रम् (kṣātram) - kingly, pertaining to kṣatriyas, martial

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣātra

kṣātra - kingly, relating to the Kṣatriya class, martial

Derived from kṣatra

Note: Agrees with 'dharmam'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty (dharma) (duty (dharma), righteousness, law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteous conduct, duty, law, constitution, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of consideration.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address to the king.

समवेक्षितुम् (samavekṣitum) - to consider, to observe carefully

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from sam + ava + īkṣ + tumun

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Indicative

Parasmaipada, 2nd person singular

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Implied subject 'you'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Explanatory particle.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty (dharma) (duty (dharma), righteousness, law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteous conduct, duty, law, constitution, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address to the king.

क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya, pertaining to a kṣatriya

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - member of the warrior/ruling class, a Kṣatriya

Note: Possessive, defining whose duty.

वनाश्रयः (vanāśrayaḥ) - resorting to the forest, dwelling in the forest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanāśraya

vanāśraya - resorting to the forest, dwelling in the forest, one who takes refuge in the forest

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+āśraya)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• āśraya – resort, refuge, asylum, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  From ā + śri + ac
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'dharmaḥ'.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingship, kingdom, sovereignty, rule

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingship, kingdom, sovereignty, rule

Derived from rājan

Note: Subject of the clause.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'rājyam'.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, most excellent, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other

Note: Agrees with 'dharmam'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty (dharma) (duty (dharma), righteousness, law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteous conduct, duty, law, constitution, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'viduḥ'.

क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya, pertaining to a kṣatriya

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - member of the warrior/ruling class, a Kṣatriya

Note: Possessive, defining whose 'dharma'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative

Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural (irregular root)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the final clause.

बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise, scholars, intelligent ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, intelligent, knowing, a wise person, a scholar

From budh (to know)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'viduḥ'.