महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-49, verse-4

तद्वियोगाद्धि तान्सर्वाञ्शोकः समभिपुप्लुवे ।
धनंजयवियोगाच्च राज्यनाशाच्च दुःखिताः ॥४॥

4. tadviyogāddhi tānsarvāñśokaḥ samabhipupluve ,
dhanaṁjayaviyogācca rājyanāśācca duḥkhitāḥ.

4. tadviyogāt hi tān sarvān śokaḥ samabhipupluve
| dhanañjayaviyogāt ca rājyanāśāt ca duḥkhitāḥ

4. Indeed, due to his separation, sorrow completely overwhelmed all of them. They were distressed both by the separation from Dhananjaya (Arjuna) and by the loss of their kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• तद्वियोगात् (tadviyogāt) - Due to Arjuna's departure. (from his separation, due to his absence)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

• तान् (tān) - Refers to the other Pāṇḍavas. (them, those)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief

• समभिपुप्लुवे (samabhipupluve) - overwhelmed, covered

• धनञ्जयवियोगात् (dhanañjayaviyogāt) - from the separation from Dhananjaya, due to the absence of Arjuna

• च (ca) - and, also

• राज्यनाशात् (rājyanāśāt) - from the loss of kingdom, due to the destruction of the kingdom

• च (ca) - and, also

• दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (distressed, pained)

Words meanings and morphology

तद्वियोगात् (tadviyogāt) - Due to Arjuna's departure. (from his separation, due to his absence)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tadviyoga

tadviyoga - his separation, separation from that

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+viyoga)

• tad – that, his
  pronoun (neuter)
• viyoga – separation, absence
  noun (masculine)
  From √yuj (to join) with prefix vi-, + ghañ suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: The final 't' becomes 'd' due to sandhi before 'hi'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - Refers to the other Pāṇḍavas. (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of samabhipupluve.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Agrees with tān.

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, anguish

From √śuc (to grieve).

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject of samabhipupluve.

समभिपुप्लुवे (samabhipupluve) - overwhelmed, covered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of plu

Perfect Active

From √plu (to float, to overflow), perfect 3rd person singular, ātmanepada, with prefixes sam-abhi-.

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: sam means together/completely, abhi means towards/over.

धनञ्जयवियोगात् (dhanañjayaviyogāt) - from the separation from Dhananjaya, due to the absence of Arjuna

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dhanañjayaviyoga

dhanañjayaviyoga - separation from Dhananjaya

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhanañjaya+viyoga)

• dhanañjaya – Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
• viyoga – separation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: yuj (class 7)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राज्यनाशात् (rājyanāśāt) - from the loss of kingdom, due to the destruction of the kingdom

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rājyanāśa

rājyanāśa - loss of kingdom, destruction of kingdom

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājya+nāśa)

• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• nāśa – loss, destruction, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From √naś (to perish, to be lost).
  Root: naś (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (distressed, pained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, pained, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

From √duḥkh (to suffer) or nominal derivation from duḥkha.

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: This is a predicate adjective for the implied subject (the Pāṇḍavas).