महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-49, verse-25

एवं ब्रुवाणं भीमं तु धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
उवाच सान्त्वयन्राजा मूर्ध्न्युपाघ्राय पाण्डवम् ॥२५॥

25. evaṁ bruvāṇaṁ bhīmaṁ tu dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
uvāca sāntvayanrājā mūrdhnyupāghrāya pāṇḍavam.

25. evam bruvāṇam bhīmam tu dharma-rājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
uvāca sāntvayan rājā mūrdhni upāghrāya pāṇḍavam

25. But King Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharma-rāja), having kissed the Pāṇḍava's (Bhīma's) head, spoke, comforting Bhīma who was speaking thus.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

• ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - who was speaking (speaking, saying)

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma (Bhīma (proper name))

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• धर्म-राजः (dharma-rājaḥ) - the king of righteousness (dharma-rāja) (king of righteousness, king of dharma)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

• सान्त्वयन् (sāntvayan) - comforting, consoling (comforting, consoling, appeasing)

• राजा (rājā) - the King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (the king)

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head (of Bhīma) (on the head)

• उपाघ्राय (upāghrāya) - having kissed (as a sign of affection) (having smelt, having kissed (a customary sign of affection by elders))

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pāṇḍava (Bhīma) (son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies the action of 'bruvāṇam'.

ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - who was speaking (speaking, saying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bru

bru - to speak, to say

Present Participle (ātmanepada)

Root bru (2nd class) + śānaC suffix

Root: bru (class 2)

Note: Agreement with Bhīmam.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhīma (Bhīma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (proper name, one of the Pāṇḍavas)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of 'uvāca' implicitly (spoke to Bhīma).

तु (tu) - then, indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the previous statement or adds emphasis.

धर्म-राजः (dharma-rājaḥ) - the king of righteousness (dharma-rāja) (king of righteousness, king of dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma-rāja

dharma-rāja - king of righteousness, king of dharma

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, eldest Pāṇḍava, firm in battle)

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ)

Root: vac (class 2)

सान्त्वयन् (sāntvayan) - comforting, consoling (comforting, consoling, appeasing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāntv

sāntv - to comfort, to console, to appease

Present Participle (parasmaipada)

Root sāntv + śatṛ suffix

Root: sāntv (class 1)

Note: Agreement with rājā (Yudhiṣṭhira).

राजा (rājā) - the King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head (of Bhīma) (on the head)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top

Note: Location for the action of 'upāghrāya'.

उपाघ्राय (upāghrāya) - having kissed (as a sign of affection) (having smelt, having kissed (a customary sign of affection by elders))

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Prefix upa + root ghrā + lyap suffix

Prefix: upa

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb 'uvāca'.

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pāṇḍava (Bhīma) (son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu

Note: Refers to Bhīma. Object of 'upāghrāya'.