महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-145, verse-22

तामुपेत्य महात्मानः सह तैर्ब्राह्मणर्षभैः ।
अवतेरुस्ततः सर्वे राक्षसस्कन्धतः शनैः ॥२२॥

22. tāmupetya mahātmānaḥ saha tairbrāhmaṇarṣabhaiḥ ,
avaterustataḥ sarve rākṣasaskandhataḥ śanaiḥ.

22. tām upetya mahātmānaḥ saha taiḥ brāhmaṇa-ṛṣabhaiḥ
avateruḥ tataḥ sarve rākṣasa-skandhataḥ śanaiḥ

22. Having reached that [place], the great-souled ones (mahātmānaḥ), accompanied by those foremost Brahmins (brāhmaṇarṣabhaiḥ), all slowly descended from the shoulders of the Rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - referring to the region/land described in the previous verse (that (feminine, acc. sg.))

• उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached, having gone near

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - (likely refers to the Pāṇḍavas, though they are explicitly mentioned later) (the great-souled ones)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• तैः (taiḥ) - with those (Brahmins) (by/with them (masculine/neuter, instrumental plural))

• ब्राह्मणर्षभैः (brāhmaṇarṣabhaiḥ) - by/with the chief/best among Brahmins

• अवतेरुः (avateruḥ) - they descended

• ततः (tataḥ) - thence, from there, then

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the Mahātmānas and Brahmins) (all (masculine nominative plural))

• राक्षसस्कन्धतः (rākṣasaskandhataḥ) - from the shoulder(s) of the Rākṣasa(s)

• शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - referring to the region/land described in the previous verse (that (feminine, acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to the "deśa" (land) or `bhūmi` (earth) implicitly mentioned or understood from the previous verse, treated as feminine.

उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

`upa` + root `i` (to go) + `lyaP` suffix

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - (likely refers to the Pāṇḍavas, though they are explicitly mentioned later) (the great-souled ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, a great person; the supreme Self (ātman)

`mahā` (great) + `ātman` (self)

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, the supreme Self (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - with those (Brahmins) (by/with them (masculine/neuter, instrumental plural))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to the `brāhmaṇarṣabhaiḥ`.

ब्राह्मणर्षभैः (brāhmaṇarṣabhaiḥ) - by/with the chief/best among Brahmins

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇarṣabha

brāhmaṇarṣabha - foremost among Brahmins, excellent Brahmin

`brāhmaṇa` (Brahmin) + `ṛṣabha` (bull, chief, excellent one)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+ṛṣabha)

• brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, belonging to Brahman, related to the Veda
  noun (masculine)
  from `brahman`
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

अवतेरुः (avateruḥ) - they descended

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of avatar

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

`ava` (down) + root `tṛ` (to cross)

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - thence, from there, then

(indeclinable)

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the Mahātmānas and Brahmins) (all (masculine nominative plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to `mahātmānaḥ` and the `brāhmaṇarṣabhaiḥ`.

राक्षसस्कन्धतः (rākṣasaskandhataḥ) - from the shoulder(s) of the Rākṣasa(s)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of rākṣasaskandha

rākṣasaskandha - shoulder of a Rākṣasa

`rākṣasa` (demon) + `skandha` (shoulder)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+skandha)

• rākṣasa – demon, belonging to Rākṣasas
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• skandha – shoulder, trunk of a tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: The `tas` suffix makes it ablative, implying 'from the shoulders'.

शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually

(indeclinable)

from `śana` (slow)

Note: Adverbial use of instrumental plural.