महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-145, verse-3

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
भ्रातुर्वचनमाज्ञाय भीमसेनो घटोत्कचम् ।
आदिदेश नरव्याघ्रस्तनयं शत्रुकर्शनम् ॥३॥

3. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
bhrāturvacanamājñāya bhīmaseno ghaṭotkacam ,
ādideśa naravyāghrastanayaṁ śatrukarśanam.

3. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca bhrātuḥ vacanam ājñāya bhīmasenaḥ
ghaṭotkacam ādideśa nara-vyāghraḥ tanayam śatru-karśanam

3. Vaishampayana said: "Having understood his brother's words, Bhimasena, that tiger among men and tormentor of enemies, commanded his son Ghatotkacha."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - Of Yudhishthira, Bhimasena's brother (of the brother)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having known, having understood, having commanded

• भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhimasena

• घटोत्कचम् (ghaṭotkacam) - Ghatotkacha

• आदिदेश (ādideśa) - commanded, instructed

• नर-व्याघ्रः (nara-vyāghraḥ) - Epithet for Bhimasena (tiger among men, best among men)

• तनयम् (tanayam) - Ghatotkacha, son of Bhimasena (son)

• शत्रु-कर्शनम् (śatru-karśanam) - Epithet for Ghatotkacha (tormentor of enemies, destroyer of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (Liṭ) tense

From root vac, conjugated in Perfect tense (Liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - Of Yudhishthira, Bhimasena's brother (of the brother)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having known, having understood, having commanded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root jñā (to know) with upasarga ā (to, thoroughly).

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (proper name)

Compound: bhīma (terrible) + sena (leader, army).

घटोत्कचम् (ghaṭotkacam) - Ghatotkacha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghaṭotkaca

ghaṭotkaca - Ghatotkacha (name of Bhima's son, literally 'pot-head')

Compound: ghaṭa (pot) + utkaca (hairless, or raised hair). His head was said to be like a pot.

आदिदेश (ādideśa) - commanded, instructed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of diś

Perfect (Liṭ) tense

From root diś, with upasarga ā (towards, to), conjugated in Perfect tense (Liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: diś (class 6)

नर-व्याघ्रः (nara-vyāghraḥ) - Epithet for Bhimasena (tiger among men, best among men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara-vyāghra

nara-vyāghra - tiger among men, chief of men, eminent man

Compound (Tatpurusha, implying 'a man who is like a tiger').

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

तनयम् (tanayam) - Ghatotkacha, son of Bhimasena (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring, child

From root tan (to extend, produce) + aya.

Root: tan (class 8)

शत्रु-कर्शनम् (śatru-karśanam) - Epithet for Ghatotkacha (tormentor of enemies, destroyer of foes)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru-karśana

śatru-karśana - tormentor of enemies, destroyer of foes, emaciating enemies

Agent noun

Compound (Tatpurusha): śatru (enemy) + karśana (one who emaciates/weakens). From root kṛś (to weaken, emaciate).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śatru+karśana)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• karśana – emaciating, tormenting, causing to dwindle
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root kṛś (to emaciate, to weaken).
  Root: kṛś (class 1)