महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-135, verse-38

इन्द्र उवाच ।
यथैव भवता चेदं तपो वेदार्थमुद्यतम् ।
अशक्यं तद्वदस्माभिरयं भारः समुद्यतः ॥३८॥

38. indra uvāca ,
yathaiva bhavatā cedaṁ tapo vedārthamudyatam ,
aśakyaṁ tadvadasmābhirayaṁ bhāraḥ samudyataḥ.

38. indra uvāca yathā eva bhavatā ca idam tapaḥ vedārtham
udyatam aśakyam tadvat asmābhiḥ ayam bhāraḥ samudyataḥ

38. Indra said: 'Just as this austerity (tapas) has been undertaken by you for the sake of understanding the Vedas, similarly, this impossible burden has been undertaken by us.'

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्र (indra) - Indra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (respectful)

• च (ca) - and

• इदम् (idam) - this

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline (tapas)

• वेदार्थम् (vedārtham) - for the purpose of the Vedas, for the meaning of the Vedas, for Vedic knowledge

• उद्यतम् (udyatam) - undertaken, begun, prepared

• अशक्यम् (aśakyam) - impossible, unachievable

• तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, likewise, so too

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

• भारः (bhāraḥ) - burden, load, task

• समुद्यतः (samudyataḥ) - undertaken, prepared, commenced

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्र (indra) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, king of the gods

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice.

Root: √vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (respectful)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful), being, existing

Present Active Participle

From √bhū (to be). Used as a respectful second person pronoun.

Root: √bhū (class 1)

Note: Agent in passive construction 'undertaken by you'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline (tapas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, austerity, spiritual discipline

Root: √tap (class 1)

वेदार्थम् (vedārtham) - for the purpose of the Vedas, for the meaning of the Vedas, for Vedic knowledge

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vedārtha

vedārtha - meaning of the Vedas, purpose of the Vedas, Vedic knowledge

Tatpuruṣa compound: veda (Veda) + artha (meaning/purpose).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+artha)

• veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √vid (class 2)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative singular used adverbially to denote purpose.

उद्यतम् (udyatam) - undertaken, begun, prepared

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udyata

udyata - undertaken, begun, prepared, raised

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √yam (to restrain, to hold) with upasargas ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: √yam (class 1)

अशक्यम् (aśakyam) - impossible, unachievable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aśakya

aśakya - impossible, not practicable, unachievable

Gerundive

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of śakya.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śakya)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• śakya – possible, practicable, able
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (karmaṇi pratyaya)
  Derived from √śak (to be able).
  Root: √śak (class 5)

तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, likewise, so too

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -vat added to tad (that).

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I/we

Note: Agent in passive construction 'undertaken by us'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Masculine nominative singular, referring to 'bhāraḥ'.

भारः (bhāraḥ) - burden, load, task

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāra

bhāra - burden, load, weight, task, responsibility

Root: √bhṛ (class 1)

समुद्यतः (samudyataḥ) - undertaken, prepared, commenced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samudyata

samudyata - undertaken, prepared, commenced, striving

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √yam (to restrain, to hold) with upasargas sam and ud.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: √yam (class 1)