महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-135, verse-18

तत इन्द्रो यवक्रीतमुपगम्य युधिष्ठिर ।
अब्रवीत्कस्य हेतोस्त्वमास्थितस्तप उत्तमम् ॥१८॥

18. tata indro yavakrītamupagamya yudhiṣṭhira ,
abravītkasya hetostvamāsthitastapa uttamam.

18. tataḥ indraḥ yavakrītam upagamya yudhiṣṭhira
abravīt kasya hetoḥ tvam āsthitaḥ tapaḥ uttamam

18. Then, O Yudhiṣṭhira, Indra approached Yavakrī and asked, "For what reason have you undertaken this supreme austerity (tapas)?"

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

• यवक्रीतम् (yavakrītam) - Yavakrī

• उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

• कस्य (kasya) - for what reason (of what, for what, whose)

• हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for what reason (for the sake of, on account of, reason)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - undertaken austerity (tapas) (undertaken, engaged in, stood upon)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, heat

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme austerity (supreme, excellent, best)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - King of the gods, deity of rain and thunder

यवक्रीतम् (yavakrītam) - Yavakrī

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yavakrīta

yavakrīta - Yavakrī (proper noun, referring to the sage)

उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) from root gam (to go) with upasarga upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root brū (class 2).

Root: brū (class 2)

कस्य (kasya) - for what reason (of what, for what, whose)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for what reason (for the sake of, on account of, reason)

(noun)

masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, instrument

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

yuṣmad - you (singular)

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - undertaken austerity (tapas) (undertaken, engaged in, stood upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - undertaken, engaged in, seated, situated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root sthā (to stand) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, heat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, religious mortification

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme austerity (supreme, excellent, best)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Superlative form of ud (up, out)