महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-135, verse-10

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथंयुक्तोऽभवदृषिर्भरद्वाजः प्रतापवान् ।
किमर्थं च यवक्रीत ऋषिपुत्रो व्यनश्यत ॥१०॥

10. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁyukto'bhavadṛṣirbharadvājaḥ pratāpavān ,
kimarthaṁ ca yavakrīta ṛṣiputro vyanaśyata.

10. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham yuktaḥ abhavat ṛṣiḥ bharadvājaḥ
pratāpavān kimartham ca yavakrītaḥ ṛṣiputraḥ vyanasyata

10. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "How did the powerful sage Bharadvāja become associated with this (event)? And for what reason did Yavakrīta, the sage's son, perish?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - involved, associated with (the event) (joined, connected, endowed with, engaged in)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage, seer

• भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - Bharadvāja

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, glorious, majestic

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

• च (ca) - and

• यवक्रीतः (yavakrītaḥ) - Yavakrīta

• ऋषिपुत्रः (ṛṣiputraḥ) - the son of the sage Bharadvāja (son of a sage)

• व्यनस्यत (vyanasyata) - perished, was destroyed

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

Note: The speaker of this verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - involved, associated with (the event) (joined, connected, endowed with, engaged in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, yoked, endowed with, engaged in, appropriate, proper

Past Passive Participle

From yuj (to join, connect) + kta suffix.

Root: yuj (class 7)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage, seer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic singer

भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - Bharadvāja

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharadvāja

bharadvāja - Bharadvāja (name of a Vedic sage)

Patronymic from Bharadvāja.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, glorious, majestic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - powerful, glorious, majestic, splendid

Possessive suffix -vat (from pratāpa: majesty, power).

Note: Qualifying `ṛṣiḥ bharadvājaḥ`.

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverbial interrogative.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यवक्रीतः (yavakrītaḥ) - Yavakrīta

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yavakrīta

yavakrīta - Yavakrīta (name of a legendary sage, son of Bharadvāja)

ऋषिपुत्रः (ṛṣiputraḥ) - the son of the sage Bharadvāja (son of a sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣiputra

ṛṣiputra - son of a sage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+putra)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: In apposition to Yavakrīta.

व्यनस्यत (vyanasyata) - perished, was destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vināś

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)