महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-135, verse-24

घोरेण तपसा राजंस्तप्यमानो महातपाः ।
संतापयामास भृशं देवेन्द्रमिति नः श्रुतम् ॥२४॥

24. ghoreṇa tapasā rājaṁstapyamāno mahātapāḥ ,
saṁtāpayāmāsa bhṛśaṁ devendramiti naḥ śrutam.

24. ghoreṇa tapasā rājan tapyamānaḥ mahātapāḥ
saṃtāpayāmāsa bhṛśam devendram iti naḥ śrutam

24. O King, that great ascetic, while performing severe austerity (tapas), greatly tormented Indra; so we have heard.

Words meanings summery:

• घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - by severe, by dreadful, by terrible

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• तप्यमानः (tapyamānaḥ) - performing austerity, undergoing penance

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - Yavakri, the great ascetic (one of great austerity, great ascetic)

• संतापयामास (saṁtāpayāmāsa) - he greatly tormented, he distressed

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, excessively, much

• देवेन्द्रम् (devendram) - Indra, the king of gods

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• नः (naḥ) - by us (agent of passive 'śrutam') (by us, for us, to us, of us)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - it is heard (heard)

Words meanings and morphology

घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - by severe, by dreadful, by terrible

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, severe, fierce

Note: Agrees with 'tapasā'.

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, religious fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तप्यमानः (tapyamānaḥ) - performing austerity, undergoing penance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapyamāna

tapyamāna - performing austerity, undergoing penance, heating oneself

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, to perform austerity) in the middle voice with suffix -śāna

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mahātapāḥ'.

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - Yavakri, the great ascetic (one of great austerity, great ascetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - having great austerity, a great ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat, religious fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Describes Yavakri.

संतापयामास (saṁtāpayāmāsa) - he greatly tormented, he distressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of saṃtāpaya

causative

Causative of 'tap' (to heat, to torment) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, excessively, much

(indeclinable)

देवेन्द्रम् (devendram) - Indra, the king of gods

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devendra

devendra - king of gods, Indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+indra)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• indra – Indra (name of the chief deity of the Rigveda)
  proper noun (masculine)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - by us (agent of passive 'śrutam') (by us, for us, to us, of us)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form, here implying instrumental for agent of passive verb.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - it is heard (heard)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, famous, traditional knowledge

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix -kta

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Used here as the predicate of an impersonal passive construction ('it is heard').