महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-50, verse-31

कर्मणा जायते जन्तुर्मूर्तिमान्षोडशात्मकः ।
पुरुषं सृजतेऽविद्या अग्राह्यममृताशिनम् ॥३१॥

31. karmaṇā jāyate janturmūrtimānṣoḍaśātmakaḥ ,
puruṣaṁ sṛjate'vidyā agrāhyamamṛtāśinam.

31. karmaṇā jāyate jantuḥ mūrtimān ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ
puruṣam sṛjate avidyā agrāhyam amṛtāśinam

31. By means of past action (karma), a living being is born, endowed with a form and consisting of sixteen constituents. Ignorance (avidyā) creates this individual person (puruṣa), who is indeed imperceptible and partakes of immortality.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by means of past action (karma) (by action, by deed)

• जायते (jāyate) - is born (is born, arises, originates)

• जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - a living being (creature, living being, person)

• मूर्तिमान् (mūrtimān) - endowed with a physical form (having a body, embodied, having a form)

• षोडशात्मकः (ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ) - consisting of sixteen constituents (consisting of sixteen elements, having sixteen parts)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - the individual person (puruṣa) (man, person, spirit, cosmic person)

• सृजते (sṛjate) - creates (creates, emits, releases)

• अविद्या (avidyā) - ignorance (avidyā) (ignorance, nescience, non-knowledge)

• अग्राह्यम् (agrāhyam) - imperceptible, incomprehensible (imperceptible, incomprehensible, not to be grasped)

• अमृताशिनम् (amṛtāśinam) - partakes of immortality (partaking of immortality, eating nectar)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by means of past action (karma) (by action, by deed)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, religious rite, destiny

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates the means or cause.

जायते (jāyate) - is born (is born, arises, originates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

`ya` suffix in the middle voice for 4th class.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Third person singular present middle.

जन्तुः (jantuḥ) - a living being (creature, living being, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, man

Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject.

मूर्तिमान् (mūrtimān) - endowed with a physical form (having a body, embodied, having a form)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrtimat

mūrtimat - having a body, embodied, corporeal

Derived from 'mūrti' + 'matup' suffix.

Note: Adjective for 'jantuḥ'.

षोडशात्मकः (ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ) - consisting of sixteen constituents (consisting of sixteen elements, having sixteen parts)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣoḍaśātmaka

ṣoḍaśātmaka - consisting of sixteen parts, having a nature of sixteen

Derived from 'ṣoḍaśan' (sixteen) + 'ātman' (self/nature) + 'ka' (suffix).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or bahuvrīhi (ṣoḍaśan+ātman)

• ṣoḍaśan – sixteen
  numeral
• ātman – self, soul, nature, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective for 'jantuḥ'.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - the individual person (puruṣa) (man, person, spirit, cosmic person)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, person, spirit, the Cosmic Person (in Sāṃkhya, the conscious principle)

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of 'sṛjate'.

सृजते (sṛjate) - creates (creates, emits, releases)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sṛj

Present tense, middle voice.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Third person singular present middle.

अविद्या (avidyā) - ignorance (avidyā) (ignorance, nescience, non-knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avidyā

avidyā - ignorance, nescience, non-knowledge

From 'a' (negation) + 'vidyā' (knowledge).

Prefix: a

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject.

अग्राह्यम् (agrāhyam) - imperceptible, incomprehensible (imperceptible, incomprehensible, not to be grasped)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agrāhya

agrāhya - not to be grasped, incomprehensible, imperceptible

Gerundive

From 'a' (negation) + 'grah' (to seize, grasp) + 'ya' suffix.

Prefix: a

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Adjective for 'puruṣam'.

अमृताशिनम् (amṛtāśinam) - partakes of immortality (partaking of immortality, eating nectar)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amṛtāśin

amṛtāśin - eating nectar, partaking of immortality

Compound 'amṛta' (immortality/nectar) + 'aśin' (eating/partaking).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amṛta+aśin)

• amṛta – immortality, nectar
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root mṛ- (to die) with negation a-.
  Prefix: a
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• aśin – eating, partaking of
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root aś- (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Adjective for 'puruṣam'.