महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-50, verse-28

अव्यक्तादि विशेषान्तमविद्यालक्षणं स्मृतम् ।
निबोधत यथा हीदं गुणैर्लक्षणमित्युत ॥२८॥

28. avyaktādi viśeṣāntamavidyālakṣaṇaṁ smṛtam ,
nibodhata yathā hīdaṁ guṇairlakṣaṇamityuta.

28. avyaktādi viśeṣāntam avidyālakṣaṇam smṛtam
nibodhata yathā hi idam guṇaiḥ lakṣaṇam iti uta

28. That which extends from the unmanifest to the specific is traditionally understood to be characterized by ignorance (avidyā). Therefore, understand how this, too, is defined by the [three] qualities (guṇas).

Words meanings summery:

• अव्यक्तादि (avyaktādi) - from the unmanifest (principle) (beginning with the unmanifest, from the unmanifest)

• विशेषान्तम् (viśeṣāntam) - up to the specific manifestations (ending with the particular/specific, up to the specific)

• अविद्यालक्षणम् (avidyālakṣaṇam) - characterized by ignorance (avidyā) (characterized by ignorance, having ignorance as its mark)

• स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is traditionally understood (remembered, understood, known (traditionally))

• निबोधत (nibodhata) - (you all) understand (understand, comprehend)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, how (as, just as, according to)

• हि (hi) - indeed, too (indeed, surely, for, because)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the same concept of creation) (this)

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by the [three] qualities (guṇas) (by the qualities, by the constituents)

• लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characterized, defined (characteristic, mark, definition)

• इति (iti) - (indicating the end of a thought or a statement) (thus, so, indicates direct speech or quoted thought)

• उत (uta) - as well, too (and, also, moreover)

Words meanings and morphology

अव्यक्तादि (avyaktādi) - from the unmanifest (principle) (beginning with the unmanifest, from the unmanifest)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of avyaktādi

avyaktādi - beginning with the unmanifest, having the unmanifest as its origin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (avyakta+ādi)

• avyakta – unmanifest, unperceived
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vyaj- (to manifest) with prefix a- (negation)
  Prefix: a
  Root: vyaj (class 1)
• ādi – beginning, origin, etcetera
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as an adjective qualifying an implied subject.

विशेषान्तम् (viśeṣāntam) - up to the specific manifestations (ending with the particular/specific, up to the specific)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of viśeṣānta

viśeṣānta - ending with the particular, extending to the specific

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viśeṣa+anta)

• viśeṣa – particular, specific, distinction
  noun (masculine)
• anta – end, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'that' or 'it'.

अविद्यालक्षणम् (avidyālakṣaṇam) - characterized by ignorance (avidyā) (characterized by ignorance, having ignorance as its mark)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of avidyālakṣaṇa

avidyālakṣaṇa - marked by ignorance, characterized by non-knowledge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (avidyā+lakṣaṇa)

• avidyā – ignorance, nescience
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: a
• lakṣaṇa – mark, characteristic, definition
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective, describing the implied subject.

स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is traditionally understood (remembered, understood, known (traditionally))

(adjective)

neuter, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, understood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root smṛ- (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb 'is known/understood'.

निबोधत (nibodhata) - (you all) understand (understand, comprehend)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Second person plural imperative.

यथा (yathā) - just as, how (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a clause explaining 'how'.

हि (hi) - indeed, too (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the same concept of creation) (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Subject of the clause.

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by the [three] qualities (guṇas) (by the qualities, by the constituents)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, constituent of nature, strand

Note: Instrument of action for 'lakṣaṇam'.

लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characterized, defined (characteristic, mark, definition)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, characteristic, definition, sign

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Predicate adjective, similar to 'avidyālakṣaṇam'.

इति (iti) - (indicating the end of a thought or a statement) (thus, so, indicates direct speech or quoted thought)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to conclude a statement.

उत (uta) - as well, too (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis or means 'and also'.