महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-50, verse-17

यद्दुरापं दुराम्नायं दुराधर्षं दुरन्वयम् ।
तत्सर्वं तपसा साध्यं तपो हि दुरतिक्रमम् ॥१७॥

17. yaddurāpaṁ durāmnāyaṁ durādharṣaṁ duranvayam ,
tatsarvaṁ tapasā sādhyaṁ tapo hi duratikramam.

17. yat durāpam durāmnāyam durādharṣam duranvayam
tat sarvam tapasā sādhyam tapaḥ hi duratikramam

17. Whatever is difficult to obtain, difficult to comprehend, difficult to overpower, or difficult to explain—all that can be achieved through ascetic practice (tapas). Indeed, ascetic practice (tapas) is insurmountable.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, whatever)

• दुरापम् (durāpam) - difficult to obtain (difficult to obtain, hard to reach)

• दुराम्नायम् (durāmnāyam) - difficult to comprehend (difficult to study, difficult to understand, difficult to declare)

• दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - difficult to overpower (difficult to overcome, irresistible, unassailable)

• दुरन्वयम् (duranvayam) - difficult to explain (difficult to follow, difficult to understand, hard to interpret)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previously listed difficulties) (that, it)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (of those things) (all, every, whole)

• तपसा (tapasā) - through ascetic practice (tapas) (by (tapas), by asceticism, by austerity)

• साध्यम् (sādhyam) - achievable (to be accomplished, achievable, attainable)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practice (tapas) ((tapas), ascetic practice, austerity)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• दुरतिक्रमम् (duratikramam) - insurmountable (difficult to transgress, insurmountable, irresistible)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, whatever)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever (relative pronoun)

Note: Here functions as a relative pronoun, antecedent to tat sarvam.

दुरापम् (durāpam) - difficult to obtain (difficult to obtain, hard to reach)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of durāpa

durāpa - difficult to obtain, hard to reach, inaccessible

Compound of dur (difficult) + āpa (to obtain, from root āp)

Compound type : Prādi-samāsa (dur+āpa)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• āpa – obtaining, reaching (from āp)
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  Derivative from root āp
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies yat and tat sarvam.

दुराम्नायम् (durāmnāyam) - difficult to comprehend (difficult to study, difficult to understand, difficult to declare)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of durāmnāya

durāmnāya - difficult to recite, difficult to teach, difficult to understand

Compound of dur (difficult) + āmnāya (recitation, tradition, what is taught)

Compound type : Prādi-samāsa (dur+āmnāya)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• āmnāya – tradition, sacred text, what is taught or recited
  noun (masculine)
  From ā + mnā (to recite)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: mnā (class 1)

दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - difficult to overpower (difficult to overcome, irresistible, unassailable)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of durādharṣa

durādharṣa - difficult to overcome, irresistible, unassailable, formidable

Compound of dur (difficult) + ādhṛṣ (to assail, from root dhṛṣ with ā)

Compound type : Prādi-samāsa (dur+ādhṛṣa)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• ādhṛṣa – assailing, overcoming
  noun (masculine)
  From ā + root dhṛṣ (to dare, attack)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

दुरन्वयम् (duranvayam) - difficult to explain (difficult to follow, difficult to understand, hard to interpret)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of duranvaya

duranvaya - difficult to follow, difficult to understand, hard to interpret, inconsistent

Compound of dur (difficult) + anvaya (connection, logical sequence, interpretation)

Compound type : Prādi-samāsa (dur+anvaya)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• anvaya – connection, logical sequence, grammatical construction, interpretation
  noun (masculine)
  From anu + i (to go after) or anu + aya (going after)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previously listed difficulties) (that, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Functions as a correlative pronoun to yat.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (of those things) (all, every, whole)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Adjectival use, here referring to 'all of those difficult things'.

तपसा (tapasā) - through ascetic practice (tapas) (by (tapas), by asceticism, by austerity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - ascetic practice, austerity, penance, spiritual heat, devotional fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

साध्यम् (sādhyam) - achievable (to be accomplished, achievable, attainable)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sādhya

sādhya - to be accomplished, achievable, attainable, practicable

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root sādh (to accomplish) + suffix ya

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective, 'is to be accomplished'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practice (tapas) ((tapas), ascetic practice, austerity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - ascetic practice, austerity, penance, spiritual heat, devotional fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle

दुरतिक्रमम् (duratikramam) - insurmountable (difficult to transgress, insurmountable, irresistible)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of duratikrama

duratikrama - difficult to transgress, insurmountable, irresistible, unavoidable

Compound of dur (difficult) + ati (over, beyond) + krama (stepping, crossing)

Compound type : Prādi-samāsa (dur+atikrama)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• atikrama – transgression, passing over, surpassing
  noun (masculine)
  From ati + root kram (to step, pass over)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: kram (class 1)