महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-50, verse-20

तपःपरायणा नित्यं सिध्यन्ते तपसा सदा ।
तथैव तपसा देवा महाभागा दिवं गताः ॥२०॥

20. tapaḥparāyaṇā nityaṁ sidhyante tapasā sadā ,
tathaiva tapasā devā mahābhāgā divaṁ gatāḥ.

20. tapaḥparāyaṇā nityam sidhyante tapasā sadā
tathā eva tapasā devā mahābhāgā divam gatāḥ

20. Those who are constantly devoted to ascetic practice (tapas) always achieve success through such practice. Similarly, the highly fortunate gods attained heaven through their ascetic practice (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• तपःपरायणा (tapaḥparāyaṇā) - those who are constantly devoted to ascetic practice (devoted to austerity, intent on penance)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• सिध्यन्ते (sidhyante) - they succeed, they are perfected, they are accomplished

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance, through ascetic practice

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance, through ascetic practice

• देवा (devā) - gods, deities

• महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - highly fortunate, illustrious, noble, blessed

• दिवम् (divam) - to heaven, sky, celestial region

• गताः (gatāḥ) - went, attained, gone, reached

Words meanings and morphology

तपःपरायणा (tapaḥparāyaṇā) - those who are constantly devoted to ascetic practice (devoted to austerity, intent on penance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapaḥparāyaṇa

tapaḥparāyaṇa - devoted to austerity, intent on penance, having austerity as the highest goal

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+parāyaṇa)

• tapas – austerity, ascetic practice, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
• parāyaṇa – devoted to, intent on, having as a final goal, dependent on
  adjective

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

सिध्यन्ते (sidhyante) - they succeed, they are perfected, they are accomplished

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of sidh

Root: sidh (class 4)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance, through ascetic practice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, ascetic practice, penance, heat

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance, through ascetic practice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, ascetic practice, penance, heat

देवा (devā) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - highly fortunate, illustrious, noble, blessed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - highly fortunate, illustrious, noble, blessed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  indeclinable
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)

दिवम् (divam) - to heaven, sky, celestial region

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

गताः (gatāḥ) - went, attained, gone, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived, obtained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'gam' (to go, move) with the past passive participle suffix 'ta'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions predicatively as a finite verb in this context.