महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-50, verse-40

गुरुरुवाच ।
इत्युक्तास्ते तु मुनयो ब्रह्मणा गुरुणा तथा ।
कृतवन्तो महात्मानस्ततो लोकानवाप्नुवन् ॥४०॥

40. gururuvāca ,
ityuktāste tu munayo brahmaṇā guruṇā tathā ,
kṛtavanto mahātmānastato lokānavāpnuvan.

40. guruḥ uvāca iti uktāḥ te tu munayaḥ brahmaṇā guruṇā
tathā kṛtavantaḥ mahā-ātmānaḥ tataḥ lokān avāpnuvan

40. guruḥ uvāca brahmaṇā guruṇā tathā iti uktāḥ te tu
mahā-ātmānaḥ munayaḥ kṛtavantaḥ tataḥ lokān avāpnuvan

40. The preceptor (guru) said: Thus addressed by Brahmā, the revered teacher, those great-souled sages (muni) performed their duties and subsequently attained the higher realms.

Words meanings summery:

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, preceptor

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

• उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - spoken, addressed, told

• ते (te) - those, they

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

• मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages, ascetics

• ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahmā

• गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the teacher, by the preceptor

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, similarly, and

• कृतवन्तः (kṛtavantaḥ) - having performed their duties/tasks (having done, performed)

• महा-आत्मानः (mahā-ātmānaḥ) - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter, then, from that

• लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms, planes of existence

• अवाप्नुवन् (avāpnuvan) - they obtained, they attained, they reached

Words meanings and morphology

गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, preceptor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

root reduplication, weak stem

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - spoken, addressed, told

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

(indeclinable)

मुनयः (munayaḥ) - sages, ascetics

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one

ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahmā

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the creator deity); ultimate reality

Note: Here refers to the deity Brahmā.

गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the teacher, by the preceptor

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, similarly, and

(indeclinable)

कृतवन्तः (kṛtavantaḥ) - having performed their duties/tasks (having done, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, performed

Past Active Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix -vat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a verb here.

महा-आत्मानः (mahā-ātmānaḥ) - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahant+ātman)

• mahant – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter, then, from that

(indeclinable)

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms, planes of existence

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, vision

अवाप्नुवन् (avāpnuvan) - they obtained, they attained, they reached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of āp

imperfect tense

prefix ava- and root āp (class 5)

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)