महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-62, verse-42

प्राणान्ददाति भूतानां तेजश्च भरतर्षभ ।
गृहमभ्यागतायाशु यो दद्यादन्नमर्थिने ॥४२॥

42. prāṇāndadāti bhūtānāṁ tejaśca bharatarṣabha ,
gṛhamabhyāgatāyāśu yo dadyādannamarthine.

42. prāṇān dadāti bhūtānām tejaḥ ca bharatarṣabha
gṛham abhyāgatāya āśu yaḥ dadyāt annam arthine

42. bharatarṣabha yaḥ gṛham abhyāgatāya arthine āśu
annam dadyāt bhūtānām prāṇān ca tejaḥ ca dadāti

42. O best among the Bharatas, whoever quickly offers food to a needy person who has come to their home, bestows life and vital energy upon all beings.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life (lives, breaths, vital airs)

• ददाति (dadāti) - bestows (gives, grants, bestows)

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - upon all beings (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

• तेजः (tejaḥ) - vital energy (light, splendor, energy, vital power, fiery energy)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among the Bharatas (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

• गृहम् (gṛham) - home (house, home, dwelling)

• अभ्यागताय (abhyāgatāya) - to a guest who has come (to one who has arrived, to a guest)

• आशु (āśu) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should offer (should give, may give, might give)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, grain, sustenance)

• अर्थिने (arthine) - to a needy person (to one who seeks, to a petitioner, to a needy person)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life (lives, breaths, vital airs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air

From root 'an' (to breathe) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

ददाति (dadāti) - bestows (gives, grants, bestows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Lat) of dā

Present active, 3rd person singular, from root 'dā' (class 3, reduplicated)

Root: dā (class 3)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - upon all beings (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, existing thing

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhū' (to be) + ktapratyaya

Root: bhū (class 1)

तेजः (tejaḥ) - vital energy (light, splendor, energy, vital power, fiery energy)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - light, splendor, energy, vital power, fiery energy

Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Contextually accusative, parallel to 'prāṇān'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among the Bharatas (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, name of a king
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

गृहम् (gṛham) - home (house, home, dwelling)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Root: gṛh (class 7)

Note: Indicates destination.

अभ्यागताय (abhyāgatāya) - to a guest who has come (to one who has arrived, to a guest)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of abhyāgata

abhyāgata - one who has arrived, guest

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā'

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'arthine'.

आशु (āśu) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should offer (should give, may give, might give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of dā

Optative active, 3rd person singular, from root 'dā' (class 3)

Root: dā (class 3)

अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, grain, sustenance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, sustenance

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ad' (to eat) + ktapratyaya

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Object of 'dadyāt'.

अर्थिने (arthine) - to a needy person (to one who seeks, to a petitioner, to a needy person)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of arthin

arthin - one who seeks, petitioner, needy, suppliant

From 'artha' (purpose, wealth) + suffix 'in'

Note: The recipient of the food.