महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-62, verse-38

तद्यदा मेघतो वारि पतितं भवति क्षितौ ।
तदा वसुमती देवी स्निग्धा भवति भारत ॥३८॥

38. tadyadā meghato vāri patitaṁ bhavati kṣitau ,
tadā vasumatī devī snigdhā bhavati bhārata.

38. tat yadā meghataḥ vāri patitam bhavati kṣitau
tadā vasumatī devī snigdhā bhavati bhārata

38. yadā tat vāri meghataḥ patitam kṣitau bhavati
tadā devī vasumatī snigdhā bhavati bhārata

38. When that water falls from the clouds onto the earth, then the divine earth becomes moist, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (linking to previous verse's idea) (that, therefore, then)

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

• मेघतः (meghataḥ) - from the clouds (from the cloud)

• वारि (vāri) - water

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen (fallen, dropped)

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes (becomes, is, exists)

• क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the earth (on the earth, in the earth)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• वसुमती (vasumatī) - the earth (the earth (lit. 'possessing wealth'))

• देवी (devī) - divine (epithet for earth) (goddess, divine, queen)

• स्निग्धा (snigdhā) - moist (moist, smooth, tender, affectionate)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is, exists)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (address to an interlocutor, typically Arjuna or Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Mahābhārata) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (linking to previous verse's idea) (that, therefore, then)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Refers to the whole situation of water absorption and precipitation.

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

(indeclinable)

Formed from yad (which, what) + dā suffix (time).

मेघतः (meghataḥ) - from the clouds (from the cloud)

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix tas indicating 'from'.

Root: mih (class 1)

वारि (vāri) - water

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vāri

vāri - water

Note: Subject of bhavati (when fallen).

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen (fallen, dropped)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, dropped

Past Passive Participle

From root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes (becomes, is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Third Person Singular

From root bhū (1st class, bhūvādi).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used with patitam to form 'has fallen' or 'is fallen'.

क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the earth (on the earth, in the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, abode, destruction

i-stem feminine noun.

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Locative of place.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Formed from tad (that) + dā suffix (time).

Note: Adverb of time.

वसुमती (vasumatī) - the earth (the earth (lit. 'possessing wealth'))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vasumatī

vasumatī - earth (literally, 'possessing wealth/treasure')

Feminine of vasumat (possessing wealth).

Note: Subject of bhavati.

देवी (devī) - divine (epithet for earth) (goddess, divine, queen)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, divine woman, queen

Feminine of deva.

Root: div (class 1)

स्निग्धा (snigdhā) - moist (moist, smooth, tender, affectionate)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of snigdha

snigdha - moist, oily, smooth, soft, tender, affectionate

Past Passive Participle (from snih "to be oily, to be fond of")

From root snih (4th class, divādi) with kta suffix.

Root: snih (class 4)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Third Person Singular

From root bhū (1st class, bhūvādi).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Copula, links subject and predicate adjective.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (address to an interlocutor, typically Arjuna or Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Mahābhārata) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Patronymic from Bharata.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)