महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-62, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कानि दानानि लोकेऽस्मिन्दातुकामो महीपतिः ।
गुणाधिकेभ्यो विप्रेभ्यो दद्याद्भरतसत्तम ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kāni dānāni loke'smindātukāmo mahīpatiḥ ,
guṇādhikebhyo viprebhyo dadyādbharatasattama.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kāni dānāni loke asmin dātukāmaḥ
mahīpatiḥ guṇādhikebhyaḥ viprebhyaḥ dadyāt bharatasattama

1. bharatasattama Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kāni dānāni asmin loke
dātukāmaḥ mahīpatiḥ guṇādhikebhyaḥ viprebhyaḥ dadyāt

1. Yudhishthira said: O best of Bharatas, what kinds of donations (dāna) should a king, wishing to bestow gifts in this world, give to brahmins who are superior in virtues?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कानि (kāni) - what, which (plural)

• दानानि (dānāni) - gifts, donations, charity

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this, in that

• दातुकामः (dātukāmaḥ) - desirous of giving, wishing to give

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king, ruler of the earth

• गुणाधिकेभ्यः (guṇādhikebhyaḥ) - to those superior in qualities, to those excellent in virtues

• विप्रेभ्यः (viprebhyaḥ) - to brahmins, to learned ones

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give, may give

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - Refers to Bhishma. (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root √vac, Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

Root: vac (class 2)

कानि (kāni) - what, which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kim

kim - what, which, who

दानानि (dānāni) - gifts, donations, charity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, giving, charity

Derived from root √dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this, in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Agrees with 'loke'.

दातुकामः (dātukāmaḥ) - desirous of giving, wishing to give

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātukāma

dātukāma - desirous of giving

Compound: dātu (infinitive of √dā) + kāma (desire)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dātu+kāma)

• dātu – to give (infinitive)
  indeclinable
  Infinitive
  Infinitive form from root √dā
  Root: dā (class 3)
• kāma – desire, wish
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'mahīpatiḥ'.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king, ruler of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, ruler, lord of the earth

Compound: mahī (earth) + pati (lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

गुणाधिकेभ्यः (guṇādhikebhyaḥ) - to those superior in qualities, to those excellent in virtues

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, plural of guṇādhika

guṇādhika - superior in qualities, abounding in virtues

Compound: guṇa (quality) + adhika (excessive, superior)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+adhika)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute
  noun (masculine)
• adhika – more, excessive, superior
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'viprebhyaḥ'.

विप्रेभ्यः (viprebhyaḥ) - to brahmins, to learned ones

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - brahmin, inspired one, sage

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give, may give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

Optative Active

Root √dā, Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

Root: dā (class 3)

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - Refers to Bhishma. (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best of Bharatas

Compound: bharata (Bharata) + sattama (best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – Bharata (name of a dynasty/tribe)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of sat (good)