महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-57, verse-13

गवाढ्यः शाकदीक्षाभिः स्वर्गमाहुस्तृणाशनात् ।
स्त्रियस्त्रिषवणस्नानाद्वायुं पीत्वा क्रतुं लभेत् ॥१३॥

13. gavāḍhyaḥ śākadīkṣābhiḥ svargamāhustṛṇāśanāt ,
striyastriṣavaṇasnānādvāyuṁ pītvā kratuṁ labhet.

13. gavāḍhyaḥ śākadīkṣābhiḥ svargam āhuḥ tṛṇāśanāt
striyaḥ triṣavaṇasnānāt vāyum pītvā kratum labhet

13. One becomes rich in cattle through vows of eating vegetables. They say heaven is attained by consuming grass. Women, by bathing three times a day and drinking air, may obtain the merit of a Vedic ritual (kratu).

Words meanings summery:

• गवाढ्यः (gavāḍhyaḥ) - rich in cattle, abundant in cows

• शाकदीक्षाभिः (śākadīkṣābhiḥ) - through vows of eating vegetables, by vegetable-eating vows

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, paradise (accusative)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, it is said

• तृणाशनात् (tṛṇāśanāt) - from eating grass, by subsisting on grass

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women (nominative plural)

• त्रिषवणस्नानात् (triṣavaṇasnānāt) - from bathing at three (auspicious) times, by performing three daily baths

• वायुम् (vāyum) - air, wind (accusative)

• पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk, after drinking

• क्रतुम् (kratum) - the merit of a Vedic ritual (Vedic ritual, sacrifice, power, intelligence (accusative))

• लभेत् (labhet) - may obtain, should obtain, would obtain

Words meanings and morphology

गवाढ्यः (gavāḍhyaḥ) - rich in cattle, abundant in cows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gavāḍhya

gavāḍhya - rich in cattle, having many cows

Compound of go (cow) + āḍhya (rich).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+āḍhya)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• āḍhya – rich, wealthy, abundant, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Implied subject is 'one'.

शाकदीक्षाभिः (śākadīkṣābhiḥ) - through vows of eating vegetables, by vegetable-eating vows

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of śākadīkṣā

śākadīkṣā - vow of eating vegetables, initiation through vegetable diet

Compound of śāka (vegetable) + dīkṣā (vow, initiation).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śāka+dīkṣā)

• śāka – vegetable, herb
  noun (masculine)
• dīkṣā – initiation, vow, consecration
  noun (feminine)
  From root dīkṣ 'to consecrate oneself'.
  Root: dīkṣ (class 1)

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, paradise (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, abode of the gods, paradise

Compound of 'su' (good) + 'ga' (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+ga)

• su – good, well, easily
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating goodness or ease.
• ga – going, moving, reaching
  adjective
  From root gam 'to go'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The nominal form takes masculine declension.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, it is said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect active indicative

3rd person plural perfect active (irregular root)

Root: brū (class 2)

तृणाशनात् (tṛṇāśanāt) - from eating grass, by subsisting on grass

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tṛṇāśana

tṛṇāśana - eating grass, subsisting on grass

Compound of tṛṇa (grass) + aśana (eating).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tṛṇa+aśana)

• tṛṇa – grass, straw
  noun (neuter)
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  From root aś 'to eat'.
  Root: aś (class 9)

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women (nominative plural)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Root: strī

त्रिषवणस्नानात् (triṣavaṇasnānāt) - from bathing at three (auspicious) times, by performing three daily baths

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of triṣavaṇasnāna

triṣavaṇasnāna - bathing at the three daily junctures (morning, noon, evening), three-time bath

Compound of triṣavaṇa (three daily oblations/times) + snāna (bathing).

Compound type : dvigu-tatpuruṣa (triṣavaṇa+snāna)

• triṣavaṇa – three times of daily offering (morning, noon, evening), three times of day
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of tri (three) + savaṇa (oblation/pressing of soma).
• snāna – bathing, ablution
  noun (neuter)
  From root snā 'to bathe'.
  Root: snā (class 2)

Note: The three 'savaṇas' traditionally refer to parts of the Soma ritual, but here used generally for thrice daily.

वायुम् (vāyum) - air, wind (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, god of wind

From root vā 'to blow'.

Root: vā (class 2)

पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk, after drinking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

क्रतुम् (kratum) - the merit of a Vedic ritual (Vedic ritual, sacrifice, power, intelligence (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kratu

kratu - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, power, strength, resolve, intelligence

From root kṛ 'to do, to make'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

लभेत् (labhet) - may obtain, should obtain, would obtain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of labh

Optative active

3rd person singular optative active

Root: labh (class 1)