महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-57, verse-45

अरक्षितारं राजानं भार्यां चाप्रियवादिनीम् ।
ग्रामकामं च गोपालं वनकामं च नापितम् ॥४५॥

45. arakṣitāraṁ rājānaṁ bhāryāṁ cāpriyavādinīm ,
grāmakāmaṁ ca gopālaṁ vanakāmaṁ ca nāpitam.

45. arakṣitāram rājānam bhāryām ca apriyavādinīm
grāmakāmam ca gopālam vanakāmam ca nāpitam

45. arakṣitāram rājānam bhāryām ca apriyavādinīm
grāmakāmam ca gopālam vanakāmam ca nāpitam

45. A king who does not protect (his subjects), a wife who speaks unpleasantly, a cowherd who desires the village (instead of tending his cattle), and a barber who desires the forest (instead of performing his duties).

Words meanings summery:

• अरक्षितारम् (arakṣitāram) - one who fails to protect (his subjects) (non-protector, one who does not protect)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - a king (who fails to protect) (king)

• भार्याम् (bhāryām) - a wife (who speaks unpleasantly) (wife)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अप्रियवादिनीम् (apriyavādinīm) - one who speaks unpleasantly (speaking unpleasantly, harsh-speaking)

• ग्रामकामम् (grāmakāmam) - a cowherd who desires the village (instead of his duty) (desiring the village)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• गोपालम् (gopālam) - a cowherd (who neglects his duties for village life) (cowherd, protector of cows)

• वनकामम् (vanakāmam) - a barber who desires the forest (instead of performing his duties) (desiring the forest)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नापितम् (nāpitam) - a barber (who neglects his duties for forest life) (barber)

Words meanings and morphology

अरक्षितारम् (arakṣitāram) - one who fails to protect (his subjects) (non-protector, one who does not protect)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arakṣitṛ

arakṣitṛ - non-protector, one who does not protect

Agent Noun

Derived from √rakṣ (to protect) with suffix -tṛ (agent) and prefix 'a-' (negation).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rakṣitṛ)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• rakṣitṛ – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from √rakṣ (to protect) with suffix -tṛ (agent).
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

राजानम् (rājānam) - a king (who fails to protect) (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - a wife (who speaks unpleasantly) (wife)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, a woman to be supported/maintained

Gerundive (passive future participle)

Derived from √bhṛ (to bear, support) with suffix -ya.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अप्रियवादिनीम् (apriyavādinīm) - one who speaks unpleasantly (speaking unpleasantly, harsh-speaking)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of apriyavādinī

apriyavādinī - speaking unpleasantly, harsh-speaking (feminine)

Agent noun/adjective

Compound of 'a' (not), 'priya' (dear/pleasant), and 'vādinī' (speaking, from √vad + -inī suffix).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (a+priya+vādinī)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective
  Root: prī
• vādinī – speaking, speaker (feminine)
  noun/adjective (feminine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from √vad (to speak) with suffix -in, and feminine ending -ī.
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies `bhāryām`.

ग्रामकामम् (grāmakāmam) - a cowherd who desires the village (instead of his duty) (desiring the village)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of grāmakāma

grāmakāma - desiring the village, fond of the village

Compound of `grāma` (village) and `kāma` (desire, desiring).

Compound type : Upapada-tatpuruṣa (grāma+kāma)

• grāma – village, hamlet
  noun (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root √kam (to desire) with suffix -a.
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `gopālam`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

गोपालम् (gopālam) - a cowherd (who neglects his duties for village life) (cowherd, protector of cows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gopāla

gopāla - cowherd, protector of cows

Compound of 'go' (cow) and 'pāla' (protector).

Compound type : genitive-tatpuruṣa (go+pāla)

• go – cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from √pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

वनकामम् (vanakāmam) - a barber who desires the forest (instead of performing his duties) (desiring the forest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanakāma

vanakāma - desiring the forest, fond of the forest

Compound of `vana` (forest) and `kāma` (desire, desiring).

Compound type : Upapada-tatpuruṣa (vana+kāma)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
  Root: van
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root √kam (to desire) with suffix -a.
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `nāpitam`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

नापितम् (nāpitam) - a barber (who neglects his duties for forest life) (barber)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāpita

nāpita - barber