महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-57, verse-19

अभृतानां भवेद्भर्ता भृतानां चान्ववेक्षकः ।
नृपतिः सुमुखश्च स्यात्स्मितपूर्वाभिभाषिता ॥१९॥

19. abhṛtānāṁ bhavedbhartā bhṛtānāṁ cānvavekṣakaḥ ,
nṛpatiḥ sumukhaśca syātsmitapūrvābhibhāṣitā.

19. abhṛtānām bhavet bhartā bhṛtānām ca anvavekṣakaḥ
| nṛpatiḥ sumukhaḥ ca syāt smitapūrvābhibhāṣitā

19. nṛpatiḥ abhṛtānām bhartā bhavet ca bhṛtānām anvavekṣakaḥ
(bhavet) ca sumukhaḥ syāt smitapūrvābhibhāṣitā (ca syāt)

19. A king should be the supporter of those who are not yet employed or maintained, and a supervisor for those who are. A king should also be cheerful and embody the quality of speech preceded by a smile.

Words meanings summery:

• अभृतानाम् (abhṛtānām) - Of those who are not yet employed or provided for. (of those not supported, not maintained, not nourished)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be

• भर्ता (bhartā) - Supporter, provider. (maintainer, supporter, provider, husband)

• भृतानाम् (bhṛtānām) - Of those who are already employed or provided for. (of those supported, maintained, nourished)

• च (ca) - and

• अन्ववेक्षकः (anvavekṣakaḥ) - supervisor, overseer, inspector

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, lord of men

• सुमुखः (sumukhaḥ) - cheerful, pleasant-faced, handsome

• च (ca) - and

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be

• स्मितपूर्वाभिभाषिता (smitapūrvābhibhāṣitā) - The characteristic or quality of a king whose speech is always preceded by a smile. (speech preceded by a smile; the quality of speaking after a smile)

Words meanings and morphology

अभृतानाम् (abhṛtānām) - Of those who are not yet employed or provided for. (of those not supported, not maintained, not nourished)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of abhṛta

abhṛta - not supported, not maintained, unprovided for

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negative prefix 'a' + Past Passive Participle of root bhṛ 'to bear, support'.

Prefix: a

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Used substantively: 'of the unsupported ones'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood

3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)

भर्ता (bhartā) - Supporter, provider. (maintainer, supporter, provider, husband)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - maintainer, supporter, provider, husband, lord

Agent noun

Derived from root bhṛ 'to bear, support'.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

भृतानाम् (bhṛtānām) - Of those who are already employed or provided for. (of those supported, maintained, nourished)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhṛta

bhṛta - supported, maintained, nourished, employed

Past Passive Participle

From root bhṛ 'to bear, support'.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Used substantively: 'of the supported ones'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अन्ववेक्षकः (anvavekṣakaḥ) - supervisor, overseer, inspector

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anvavekṣaka

anvavekṣaka - overseer, supervisor, inspector

Agent noun suffix (ṇaka)

From root īkṣ with upasargas anu and ava.

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, lord of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, male
  noun (masculine)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

सुमुखः (sumukhaḥ) - cheerful, pleasant-faced, handsome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumukha

sumukha - having a good face, cheerful, pleasant-faced, handsome

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mukha)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'well'.
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Optative mood

3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

स्मितपूर्वाभिभाषिता (smitapūrvābhibhāṣitā) - The characteristic or quality of a king whose speech is always preceded by a smile. (speech preceded by a smile; the quality of speaking after a smile)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of smitapūrvābhibhāṣitā

smitapūrvābhibhāṣitā - speech preceded by a smile; the quality of speaking after a smile

Abstract noun formed from smitapūrvābhibhāṣita (P.P.P. compound) + feminine suffix -tā.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (smita+pūrva+abhibhāṣitā)

• smita – smile, smiled
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root smi 'to smile'.
  Root: smi (class 1)
• pūrva – preceding, prior, first
  adjective
• abhibhāṣitā – spoken, addressed; speech, address
  noun (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle (feminine nominalization)
  From root bhāṣ with upasarga abhi. Here, as a nominalized feminine form meaning 'speech'.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Used in apposition to describe a characteristic of the king, implying 'possessing the quality of speaking with a smile first'.