महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-57, verse-12

न हिंस्यात्परवित्तानि देयं काले च दापयेत् ।
विक्रान्तः सत्यवाक्क्षान्तो नृपो न चलते पथः ॥१२॥

12. na hiṁsyātparavittāni deyaṁ kāle ca dāpayet ,
vikrāntaḥ satyavākkṣānto nṛpo na calate pathaḥ.

12. na hiṃsyāt paravittāni deyam kāle ca dāpayet
vikrāntaḥ satyavāk kṣāntaḥ nṛpaḥ na calate pathaḥ

12. nṛpaḥ paravittāni na hiṃsyāt ca deyam kāle dāpayet
vikrāntaḥ satyavāk kṣāntaḥ na pathaḥ calate

12. A king should not harm the wealth of others and should collect what is due at the appropriate time. Such a king, being valorous, truthful, and patient, does not deviate from the (righteous) path.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• हिंस्यात् (hiṁsyāt) - should harm, should injure

• परवित्तानि (paravittāni) - the wealth of others

• देयम् (deyam) - what is due, to be given, taxes

• काले (kāle) - at the proper time, in time

• च (ca) - and

• दापयेत् (dāpayet) - should cause to be paid, should collect

• विक्रान्तः (vikrāntaḥ) - valorous, brave, mighty

• सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truthful in speech, speaking truth

• क्षान्तः (kṣāntaḥ) - patient, forbearing, forgiving

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - a king

• न (na) - not

• चलते (calate) - deviates, moves, stirs

• पथः (pathaḥ) - from the path

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हिंस्यात् (hiṁsyāt) - should harm, should injure

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of hiṃs

Root: hiṃs (class 10)

परवित्तानि (paravittāni) - the wealth of others

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paravitta

paravitta - wealth of others

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+vitta)

• para – other, another, supreme
  pronoun
• vitta – wealth, property, acquired
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vid (class 6)

देयम् (deyam) - what is due, to be given, taxes

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of deya

deya - to be given, due, fit to be given

gerundive/future passive participle

from root dā (दा)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Used here as a substantive: 'that which is to be given' or 'what is due'.

काले (kāle) - at the proper time, in time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, proper time

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दापयेत् (dāpayet) - should cause to be paid, should collect

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of dāpaya

causative

from root dā (दा - to give), causative form dāpayati

Root: dā (class 3)

विक्रान्तः (vikrāntaḥ) - valorous, brave, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikrānta

vikrānta - valorous, brave, mighty, having taken strides

past passive participle

from root kram (क्रम् - to step) with prefix vi- (वि)

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truthful in speech, speaking truth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavāc

satyavāc - truthful, speaking the truth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vāc)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)

क्षान्तः (kṣāntaḥ) - patient, forbearing, forgiving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣānta

kṣānta - patient, forbearing, calm

past passive participle

from root kṣam (क्षम् - to be patient, forgive)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

चलते (calate) - deviates, moves, stirs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of cal

Root: cal (class 1)

पथः (pathaḥ) - from the path

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way