महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-57, verse-18

कोशस्योपार्जनरतिर्यमवैश्रवणोपमः ।
वेत्ता च दशवर्गस्य स्थानवृद्धिक्षयात्मनः ॥१८॥

18. kośasyopārjanaratiryamavaiśravaṇopamaḥ ,
vettā ca daśavargasya sthānavṛddhikṣayātmanaḥ.

18. kośasya upārjanaratiḥ yamavaiśravaṇopamaḥ |
vettā ca daśavargasya sthānavṛddhikṣayātmanaḥ

18. (saḥ) kośasya upārjanaratiḥ yamavaiśravaṇopamaḥ ca
daśavargasya sthānavṛddhikṣayātmanaḥ vettā (syāt)

18. He (a king) should be one who delights in accumulating wealth for the treasury, comparable to Yama and Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera) in his power. And he should be a knower of the ten vices and of the intrinsic nature (ātman) of stability, growth, and decline (of a kingdom).

Words meanings summery:

• कोशस्य (kośasya) - of the treasury, of the fund, of the sheath

• उपार्जनरतिः (upārjanaratiḥ) - one who delights in accumulating, fond of acquiring

• यमवैश्रवणोपमः (yamavaiśravaṇopamaḥ) - Comparable to Yama (god of death and justice) and Vaiśravaṇa/Kubera (god of wealth), indicating the king's power over justice and wealth. (comparable to Yama and Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera))

• वेत्ता (vettā) - knower, one who knows

• च (ca) - and

• दशवर्गस्य (daśavargasya) - Specifically referring to the 'ten vices' (e.g., hunting, gambling, excessive drinking, etc.) that a king should avoid or know how to manage. (of the group of ten, of the ten-fold category)

• स्थानवृद्धिक्षयात्मनः (sthānavṛddhikṣayātmanaḥ) - Referring to the three states of a kingdom or political power: sthāna (stability/stagnation), vṛddhi (growth/prosperity), and kṣaya (decline/loss). (whose nature is stability, growth, and decline; of the intrinsic nature (ātman) of stability, growth, and decline)

Words meanings and morphology

कोशस्य (kośasya) - of the treasury, of the fund, of the sheath

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - treasury, fund, casket, sheath, budget

उपार्जनरतिः (upārjanaratiḥ) - one who delights in accumulating, fond of acquiring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upārjanarati

upārjanarati - delight in acquisition/accumulation

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (upārjana+rati)

• upārjana – acquisition, accumulation, earning
  noun (neuter)
  Nominalization (gerundive suffix ana)
  From root ṛj with upasargas upa and ā.
  Prefixes: upa+ā
  Root: ṛj (class 1)
• rati – delight, pleasure, attachment
  noun (feminine)
  From root ram 'to delight'.
  Root: ram (class 1)

यमवैश्रवणोपमः (yamavaiśravaṇopamaḥ) - Comparable to Yama (god of death and justice) and Vaiśravaṇa/Kubera (god of wealth), indicating the king's power over justice and wealth. (comparable to Yama and Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yamavaiśravaṇopama

yamavaiśravaṇopama - like Yama and Vaiśravaṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+vaiśravaṇa+upama)

• yama – Yama (god of death), controller, restraint
  proper noun (masculine)
• vaiśravaṇa – Vaiśravaṇa (another name for Kubera, god of wealth)
  proper noun (masculine)
• upama – like, similar, comparable
  adjective

वेत्ता (vettā) - knower, one who knows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vettṛ

vettṛ - knower, one who knows

Agent noun

Derived from root vid 'to know'.

Root: vid (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दशवर्गस्य (daśavargasya) - Specifically referring to the 'ten vices' (e.g., hunting, gambling, excessive drinking, etc.) that a king should avoid or know how to manage. (of the group of ten, of the ten-fold category)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of daśavarga

daśavarga - group of ten, decuple, ten-fold category

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśan+varga)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• varga – group, class, division
  noun (masculine)

स्थानवृद्धिक्षयात्मनः (sthānavṛddhikṣayātmanaḥ) - Referring to the three states of a kingdom or political power: sthāna (stability/stagnation), vṛddhi (growth/prosperity), and kṣaya (decline/loss). (whose nature is stability, growth, and decline; of the intrinsic nature (ātman) of stability, growth, and decline)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sthānavṛddhikṣayātman

sthānavṛddhikṣayātman - whose nature is stability, growth, and decline

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sthāna+vṛddhi+kṣaya+ātman)

• sthāna – state, stability, standing, position
  noun (neuter)
  Nominalization
  From root sthā 'to stand'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
  Nominalization
  From root vṛdh 'to grow'.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• kṣaya – decline, decay, loss, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Nominalization
  From root kṣi 'to waste away, destroy'.
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, intrinsic nature, essence
  noun (masculine)