महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-57, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
नित्योद्युक्तेन वै राज्ञा भवितव्यं युधिष्ठिर ।
प्रशाम्यते च राजा हि नारीवोद्यमवर्जितः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
nityodyuktena vai rājñā bhavitavyaṁ yudhiṣṭhira ,
praśāmyate ca rājā hi nārīvodyamavarjitaḥ.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca nitya-udyuktena vai rājñā bhavitavyam
yudhiṣṭhira praśāmyate ca rājā hi nārī iva udyama-varjitaḥ

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yudhiṣṭhira rājñā vai nitya-udyuktena
bhavitavyam hi ca udyama-varjitaḥ rājā nārī iva praśāmyate

1. Bhishma said: O Yudhishthira, a king must always be diligent. Indeed, a king who lacks enterprise is subdued, just like a woman.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• नित्य-उद्युक्तेन (nitya-udyuktena) - by one who is always diligent, by the perpetually active

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely (an emphatic particle)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• भवितव्यम् (bhavitavyam) - should be, must be, ought to be

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

• प्रशाम्यते (praśāmyate) - is subdued, is calmed, comes to an end

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजा (rājā) - a king

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• नारी (nārī) - a woman

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उद्यम-वर्जितः (udyama-varjitaḥ) - devoid of enterprise, lacking effort

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect (Parasmaipada)

Perfect 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

नित्य-उद्युक्तेन (nitya-udyuktena) - by one who is always diligent, by the perpetually active

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nitya-udyukta

nitya-udyukta - always diligent, perpetually active

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nitya+udyukta)

• nitya – eternal, constant, perpetual, always
  adjective (masculine)
• udyukta – diligent, active, ready, prepared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'yuj' with prefix 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yuj (class 7)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

भवितव्यम् (bhavitavyam) - should be, must be, ought to be

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhavitavya

bhavitavya - to be, fit to be, should be

Gerundive

From root 'bhū'

Root: bhū (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

प्रशाम्यते (praśāmyate) - is subdued, is calmed, comes to an end

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of pra-śam

Present (Atmanepada)

Present 3rd person singular passive, from root 'śam' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

नारी (nārī) - a woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, wife

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उद्यम-वर्जितः (udyama-varjitaḥ) - devoid of enterprise, lacking effort

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udyama-varjita

udyama-varjita - devoid of enterprise, lacking effort

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udyama+varjita)

• udyama – effort, exertion, enterprise, undertaking
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
• varjita – abandoned, devoid of, free from
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'vṛj'
  Root: vṛj (class 10)