महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-101, verse-45

संप्रयुद्धे प्रहृष्टे वा सत्यं वा यदि वानृतम् ।
प्रगृह्य बाहून्क्रोशेत भग्ना भग्नाः परा इति ॥४५॥

45. saṁprayuddhe prahṛṣṭe vā satyaṁ vā yadi vānṛtam ,
pragṛhya bāhūnkrośeta bhagnā bhagnāḥ parā iti.

45. saṃprayuddhe prahṛṣṭe vā satyam vā yadi vā anṛtam
pragṛhya bāhūn krośeta bhagnāḥ bhagnāḥ parāḥ iti

45. saṃprayuddhe vā prahṛṣṭe vā yadi satyam vā anṛtam
bāhūn pragṛhya krośeta bhagnāḥ bhagnāḥ parāḥ iti

45. When battle is joined, or when one is overjoyed, whether truly or falsely, one should raise their arms and shout, 'They are broken! They are broken! The enemies have fled!'

Words meanings summery:

• संप्रयुद्धे (saṁprayuddhe) - in battle, when fighting, when joined in battle

• प्रहृष्टे (prahṛṣṭe) - when delighted, when joyful, when overjoyed

• वा (vā) - or, either

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truly, real

• वा (vā) - or, either

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, false, falsely

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having raised

• बाहून् (bāhūn) - arms

• क्रोशेत (krośeta) - one should shout, he should cry out

• भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - defeated (enemies) (broken, defeated, shattered)

• भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - defeated (enemies) (broken, defeated, shattered)

• पराः (parāḥ) - enemies, others, adversaries

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech

Words meanings and morphology

संप्रयुद्धे (saṁprayuddhe) - in battle, when fighting, when joined in battle

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃprayuddha

saṁprayuddha - engaged in battle, fought, joined in battle

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'yudh' with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रहृष्टे (prahṛṣṭe) - when delighted, when joyful, when overjoyed

(adjective)

Locative, singular of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, pleased, overjoyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'hṛṣ' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Refers to an implied subject in a state of delight or joy.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truly, real

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, real, true

Note: Used adverbially here.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, false, falsely

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, false

Negation of 'ṛta' (truth, cosmic order)

Note: Used adverbially here.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having raised

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Derived from the root 'grah' with prefix 'pra', forming an absolutive participle.

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

बाहून् (bāhūn) - arms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāhu

bāhu - arm, fore-arm

क्रोशेत (krośeta) - one should shout, he should cry out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kruś

Root: kruś (class 1)

भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - defeated (enemies) (broken, defeated, shattered)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, overthrown

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'bhañj' (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Often used for defeated armies or people, can be masculine or feminine plural.

भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - defeated (enemies) (broken, defeated, shattered)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, overthrown

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'bhañj' (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Repetition for emphasis.

पराः (parāḥ) - enemies, others, adversaries

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, foe, superior, ultimate

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech

(indeclinable)