महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-101, verse-3

निर्मर्यादा दस्यवस्तु भवन्ति परिपन्थिनः ।
तेषां प्रतिविघातार्थं प्रवक्ष्याम्यथ नैगमम् ।
कार्याणां संप्रसिद्ध्यर्थं तानुपायान्निबोध मे ॥३॥

3. nirmaryādā dasyavastu bhavanti paripanthinaḥ ,
teṣāṁ prativighātārthaṁ pravakṣyāmyatha naigamam ,
kāryāṇāṁ saṁprasiddhyarthaṁ tānupāyānnibodha me.

3. nirmaryādāḥ dasyavaḥ tu bhavanti
paripanthinaḥ teṣām prativighātārtham
pravakṣyāmi atha naigamam kāryāṇām
samprasiddhyartham tān upāyān nibodha me

3. tu nirmaryādāḥ dasyavaḥ paripanthinaḥ
bhavanti teṣām prativighātārtham
atha naigamam pravakṣyāmi kāryāṇām
samprasiddhyartham tān upāyān me nibodha

3. Lawless bandits indeed become formidable enemies. Therefore, to counteract them, I will now explain the appropriate policy (naigama). Understand these expedients from me, which are for the complete accomplishment of all undertakings.

Words meanings summery:

• निर्मर्यादाः (nirmaryādāḥ) - Referring to bandits who disregard moral and social laws, acting without restraint. (lawless, unrestrained, without limits)

• दस्यवः (dasyavaḥ) - Refers to lawless, unruly individuals who pose a threat to order. (robbers, bandits, enemies, barbarians)

• तु (tu) - Introducing a consequential statement or emphasizing the nature of these individuals. (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - The lawless ones transform into enemies or are by nature enemies. (they are, they become)

• परिपन्थिनः (paripanthinaḥ) - Refers to those who impede progress or act as adversaries, akin to highway robbers. (obstructors, enemies, highwaymen, adversaries)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Referring to 'those robbers/obstructors' mentioned previously. (of them, for them)

• प्रतिविघातार्थम् (prativighātārtham) - To counter or prevent the destructive actions of the lawless. (for the sake of obstructing, for counteracting, for warding off)

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - Bhishma stating his intention to expound on the upcoming policy. (I will explain, I will declare)

• अथ (atha) - Marking a transition to the next specific topic of discussion. (now, then, thereupon)

• नैगमम् (naigamam) - Refers to a policy that is practical, worldly, or related to statecraft, useful for public administration. (pertaining to a guild/community; political/expedient policy; relating to the town/merchants)

• कार्याणाम् (kāryāṇām) - Referring to various tasks, responsibilities, or state affairs that need to be accomplished. (of actions, of duties, of affairs, of undertakings)

• सम्प्रसिद्ध्यर्थम् (samprasiddhyartham) - To ensure that all tasks or affairs are brought to a full and successful completion. (for the sake of complete success/accomplishment)

• तान् (tān) - Referring to 'those expedients' (upāyān) that Bhishma is about to describe. (those (masculine accusative plural))

• उपायान् (upāyān) - Referring to the practical strategies or approaches that are to be understood. (expedients, means, methods)

• निबोध (nibodha) - An imperative command to Yudhishthira to grasp these methods. (understand, perceive, learn, know)

• मे (me) - From me (ablative sense), indicating the source of the knowledge. (from me, to me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

निर्मर्यादाः (nirmaryādāḥ) - Referring to bandits who disregard moral and social laws, acting without restraint. (lawless, unrestrained, without limits)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirmaryāda

nirmaryāda - without limit, lawless, unrestrained

From nis- (without) + maryādā (limit, boundary, rule).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+maryādā)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  prefix
• maryādā – limit, boundary, rule, law
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'dasyavaḥ'.

दस्यवः (dasyavaḥ) - Refers to lawless, unruly individuals who pose a threat to order. (robbers, bandits, enemies, barbarians)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dasyu

dasyu - robber, bandit, enemy, barbarian

Root: das (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'bhavanti'.

तु (tu) - Introducing a consequential statement or emphasizing the nature of these individuals. (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

A particle of emphasis or opposition.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - The lawless ones transform into enemies or are by nature enemies. (they are, they become)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present (Laṭ)

3rd person plural, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

परिपन्थिनः (paripanthinaḥ) - Refers to those who impede progress or act as adversaries, akin to highway robbers. (obstructors, enemies, highwaymen, adversaries)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paripanthin

paripanthin - a highwayman, robber, obstructer, enemy

From pari- (around) + pathin (path) + suffix -in. 'One who obstructs paths'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (pari+pathin)

• pari – around, completely, exceedingly
  prefix
• pathin – path, road
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative of 'bhavanti'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Referring to 'those robbers/obstructors' mentioned previously. (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this (pronoun)

Note: Relates to 'prativighātārtham'.

प्रतिविघातार्थम् (prativighātārtham) - To counter or prevent the destructive actions of the lawless. (for the sake of obstructing, for counteracting, for warding off)

(indeclinable)

Compound with 'artha' as a purpose.

Compound type : tatpurusha (prativighāta+artha)

• prativighāta – obstruction, hindrance, warding off
  noun (masculine)
  From prati- + vi- + root han (to strike).
  Prefixes: prati+vi
  Root: han (class 2)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - Bhishma stating his intention to expound on the upcoming policy. (I will explain, I will declare)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pravac

Future (Lṛṭ)

1st person singular, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - Marking a transition to the next specific topic of discussion. (now, then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

A particle marking commencement or sequence.

नैगमम् (naigamam) - Refers to a policy that is practical, worldly, or related to statecraft, useful for public administration. (pertaining to a guild/community; political/expedient policy; relating to the town/merchants)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naigama

naigama - relating to a guild/community/town, expedient, political, public matter

Derived from 'nigama' (town, market, guild, doctrine).

Root: gam (class 1)

कार्याणाम् (kāryāṇām) - Referring to various tasks, responsibilities, or state affairs that need to be accomplished. (of actions, of duties, of affairs, of undertakings)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, affair, undertaking

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root kṛ (to do) + suffix -ya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Relates to 'samprasiddhyartham'.

सम्प्रसिद्ध्यर्थम् (samprasiddhyartham) - To ensure that all tasks or affairs are brought to a full and successful completion. (for the sake of complete success/accomplishment)

(indeclinable)

Compound with 'artha' as a purpose.

Compound type : tatpurusha (samprasiddhi+artha)

• samprasiddhi – complete success, perfect accomplishment
  noun (feminine)
  From sam- + pra- + root sidh (to succeed) + suffix -ti.
  Prefixes: sam+pra
  Root: sidh (class 4)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

तान् (tān) - Referring to 'those expedients' (upāyān) that Bhishma is about to describe. (those (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this (pronoun)

Note: Agrees with 'upāyān'.

उपायान् (upāyān) - Referring to the practical strategies or approaches that are to be understood. (expedients, means, methods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of upāya

upāya - means, expedient, method, strategy

From upa- + root i (to go).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'nibodha'.

निबोध (nibodha) - An imperative command to Yudhishthira to grasp these methods. (understand, perceive, learn, know)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative (Loṭ)

2nd person singular, active voice (from root budh + ni)

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - From me (ablative sense), indicating the source of the knowledge. (from me, to me, my)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (1st person pronoun)

Note: Here, functionally ablative: 'learn from me'.