महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-101, verse-41

परेषां प्रतिघातार्थं पदातीनां च गूहनम् ।
अपि ह्यस्मिन्परे गृद्धा भवेयुर्ये पुरोगमाः ॥४१॥

41. pareṣāṁ pratighātārthaṁ padātīnāṁ ca gūhanam ,
api hyasminpare gṛddhā bhaveyurye purogamāḥ.

41. pareṣām pratighātārtham padātīnām ca gūhanam
api hi asmin pare gṛddhāḥ bhaveyuḥ ye purūgamāḥ

41. padātīnām gūhanam pareṣām pratighātārtham (syāt) ye
purūgamāḥ (santi) te pare api asmin gṛddhāḥ hi bhaveyuḥ

41. Concealment of foot-soldiers is for the purpose of striking back the enemies. Indeed, even in this situation, enemy leaders might become overly eager.

Words meanings summery:

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of enemies (of others, of enemies, of opponents)

• प्रतिघातार्थम् (pratighātārtham) - for the purpose of striking back (the enemies) (for the purpose of striking back, for countering, for retaliation)

• पदातीनाम् (padātīnām) - of foot-soldiers (of foot-soldiers, of infantry)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• गूहनम् (gūhanam) - concealment, hiding (concealment, hiding, secret)

• अपि (api) - even, also (even, also, too)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (strategy/situation) (in this, in this matter)

• परे (pare) - enemies (others, enemies)

• गृद्धाः (gṛddhāḥ) - overly eager, reckless due to eagerness (greedy, eager, covetous, intent)

• भवेयुः (bhaveyuḥ) - they might become (they might be, they should be, they would be)

• ये (ye) - who (who, which)

• पुरूगमाः (purūgamāḥ) - leaders (of the enemy) (leaders, those going first, vanguard)

Words meanings and morphology

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of enemies (of others, of enemies, of opponents)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, opponent, distant, supreme

Note: Used substantively to mean 'enemies'.

प्रतिघातार्थम् (pratighātārtham) - for the purpose of striking back (the enemies) (for the purpose of striking back, for countering, for retaliation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratighātārtha

pratighātārtha - purpose of striking back, purpose of counterattack

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pratighāta+artha)

• pratighāta – strike back, counterattack, obstruction
  noun (masculine)
  From prati-han (to strike against)
  Prefix: prati
  Root: han (class 2)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative, means 'for the sake of X'.

पदातीनाम् (padātīnām) - of foot-soldiers (of foot-soldiers, of infantry)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of padātin

padātin - foot-soldier, infantryman

From pada (foot) + atin (going)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'pratighātārtham' and 'gūhanam' in context of purpose.

गूहनम् (gūhanam) - concealment, hiding (concealment, hiding, secret)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gūhana

gūhana - concealing, hiding, a secret place

verbal noun

Derived from root 'guh' (to hide) with suffix -ana.

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Implied predicate 'is'.

अपि (api) - even, also (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the possibility for the enemies.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (strategy/situation) (in this, in this matter)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the strategy of concealment.

परे (pare) - enemies (others, enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, opponent, distant, supreme

Note: Used substantively to mean 'enemies'.

गृद्धाः (gṛddhāḥ) - overly eager, reckless due to eagerness (greedy, eager, covetous, intent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gṛddha

gṛddha - greedy, eager, covetous, intensely desirous

Past Passive Participle

From root gṛdh (to be greedy)

Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Describes 'pare'.

भवेयुः (bhaveyuḥ) - they might become (they might be, they should be, they would be)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Plural

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses possibility or potential.

ये (ye) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'pare'.

पुरूगमाः (purūgamāḥ) - leaders (of the enemy) (leaders, those going first, vanguard)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of purūgama

purūgama - leader, one who goes before, vanguard

From puras (before) + gama (going, from root gam)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puras+gama)

• puras – before, in front of, forward
  indeclinable
• gama – going, moving, a goer
  noun (masculine)
  nominal derivative
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)