महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-101, verse-12

नव्यारण्यैर्न शक्येत गन्तुं मृगगणैरिव ।
तस्मात्सर्वासु सेनासु योजयन्ति जयार्थिनः ॥१२॥

12. navyāraṇyairna śakyeta gantuṁ mṛgagaṇairiva ,
tasmātsarvāsu senāsu yojayanti jayārthinaḥ.

12. navyaiḥ araṇyaiḥ na śakyeta gantum mṛgagaṇaiḥ
iva tasmāt sarvāsu senāsu yojayanti jayārthinaḥ

12. navyaiḥ araṇyaiḥ mṛgagaṇaiḥ iva gantum na śakyeta
tasmāt jayārthinaḥ sarvāsu senāsu yojayanti

12. It would not be possible to traverse fresh, unexplored forests as easily as (paths traversed) by herds of deer. Therefore, those desirous of victory deploy (scouts) in all their armies.

Words meanings summery:

• नव्यैः (navyaiḥ) - by new, by fresh

• अरण्यैः (araṇyaiḥ) - by forests, by wildernesses

• न (na) - not

• शक्येत (śakyeta) - could be possible, might be able

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go, to traverse

• मृगगणैः (mṛgagaṇaiḥ) - by herds of deer, by groups of animals

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all (feminine)

• सेनासु (senāsu) - in armies

• योजयन्ति (yojayanti) - they employ, they mobilize, they deploy

• जयार्थिनः (jayārthinaḥ) - those desirous of victory

Words meanings and morphology

नव्यैः (navyaiḥ) - by new, by fresh

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of navya

navya - new, fresh, young

from 'nava' (new) with suffix -ya

अरण्यैः (araṇyaiḥ) - by forests, by wildernesses

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, desert

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शक्येत (śakyeta) - could be possible, might be able

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, potential (liṅ) of śak

potential/optative

root verb 'śak', 3rd person singular, potential/optative mood, middle voice

Root: śak (class 5)

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go, to traverse

(verb)

infinitive of gam

Infinitive

infinitive form of root 'gam'

Root: gam (class 1)

मृगगणैः (mṛgagaṇaiḥ) - by herds of deer, by groups of animals

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mṛgagaṇa

mṛgagaṇa - herd of deer, group of animals

compound of 'mṛga' (deer/animal) and 'gaṇa' (group)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga+gaṇa)

• mṛga – deer, animal
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, troop, collection
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all (feminine)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

सेनासु (senāsu) - in armies

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of senā

senā - army, host, force

योजयन्ति (yojayanti) - they employ, they mobilize, they deploy

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yuj

causative present

causative of root 'yuj', 3rd person plural, present tense, active voice

Root: yuj (class 7)

जयार्थिनः (jayārthinaḥ) - those desirous of victory

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jayārthin

jayārthin - desirous of victory

compound of 'jaya' (victory) and 'arthin' (desirous)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+arthin)

• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• arthin – desirous of, seeking, petitioner
  adjective (masculine)
  from 'artha' (purpose) with suffix -in