महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-101, verse-42

ये पुरस्तादभिमताः सत्त्ववन्तो मनस्विनः ।
ते पूर्वमभिवर्तेरंस्तानन्वगितरे जनाः ॥४२॥

42. ye purastādabhimatāḥ sattvavanto manasvinaḥ ,
te pūrvamabhivarteraṁstānanvagitare janāḥ.

42. ye purastāt abhimatāḥ sattvavantaḥ manasvinaḥ
te pūrvam abhivarteran tān anvak itare janāḥ

42. ye purastāt abhimatāḥ sattvavantaḥ manasvinaḥ (santi) te
pūrvam abhivarteran itare janāḥ tān anvak (gaccheyuḥ)

42. Those who are respected, courageous, and high-minded should advance first, and other people should follow them.

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - who (who, which)

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - formerly, previously (referring to their established reputation) (in front, before, formerly, previously)

• अभिमताः (abhimatāḥ) - respected, esteemed (approved, desired, esteemed, respected)

• सत्त्ववन्तः (sattvavantaḥ) - courageous, brave (courageous, spirited, brave, strong)

• मनस्विनः (manasvinaḥ) - high-minded, resolute (high-minded, intelligent, resolute, noble)

• ते (te) - they (the aforementioned leaders) (they, those)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (in battle) (first, before, formerly, eastward)

• अभिवर्तेरन् (abhivarteran) - they should advance (they should advance, they should proceed, they should turn towards)

• तान् (tān) - them (the advancing leaders) (them, those)

• अन्वक् (anvak) - following (them) (following, after, behind)

• इतरे (itare) - other (soldiers/people) (others)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, soldiers (people, men, folk)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - formerly, previously (referring to their established reputation) (in front, before, formerly, previously)

(indeclinable)

Note: Can refer to time or position. Here, time (their established status).

अभिमताः (abhimatāḥ) - respected, esteemed (approved, desired, esteemed, respected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhimata

abhimata - approved, desired, esteemed, agreeable

Past Passive Participle

From abhi-man (to think, approve)

Prefix: abhi

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Describes 'ye'.

सत्त्ववन्तः (sattvavantaḥ) - courageous, brave (courageous, spirited, brave, strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sattvavat

sattvavat - having sattva, brave, courageous, true

Derived from sattva (essence, courage) with possessive suffix -vat

Note: Describes 'ye'.

मनस्विनः (manasvinaḥ) - high-minded, resolute (high-minded, intelligent, resolute, noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manasvin

manasvin - intelligent, high-minded, resolute, spirited

Derived from manas (mind) with suffix -vin

Note: Describes 'ye'.

ते (te) - they (the aforementioned leaders) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'ye'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (in battle) (first, before, formerly, eastward)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative, meaning 'first'.

अभिवर्तेरन् (abhivarteran) - they should advance (they should advance, they should proceed, they should turn towards)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of abhivṛt

Optative Mood, Ātmanepada, 3rd Person Plural

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses command or recommendation.

तान् (tān) - them (the advancing leaders) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'anvak'.

अन्वक् (anvak) - following (them) (following, after, behind)

(indeclinable)

From anu (after) + añc (to go)

Prefix: anu

Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Adverb indicating following.

इतरे (itare) - other (soldiers/people) (others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, another, different

Note: Refers to the rest of the army.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, soldiers (people, men, folk)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

Note: Subject of an implied verb like 'should go'.